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https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170327\/news\/_27YG016_X.jpg\u5ddd\u8c9d\u6bcd;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170327\/news\/_27YG017_X.jpg\u767e\u5408;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170327\/news\/_27YG015_X.jpg\u68a8;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】近期天氣時冷時熱,流感高峰期持續,傷風感冒求診個案亦增加。流行性感冒在中醫學中屬於疫病範疇,又稱「時行感冒」或「重傷風」,是由於身體正氣虛弱,在外感「疫毒之邪」兼夾「時令之氣」兩者共同作用下造成。疫毒之邪,又稱「疫氣」、「戾氣」等,特點是通常起病急、徵狀嚴重、變化迅速,且具有強烈的傳染性。不想成為流感病人,便要做足預防及注意飲食,方可避開疫毒之邪。<\/p>\n

四季徵狀不同 各有治法<\/p>\n

所謂「時令之氣」,是指季節不同,邪氣性質也不同。例如春季多風熱、夏季多暑熱、秋季多燥、冬季多寒。不同季節的感冒有不同特點,治療及護理方法也有不同。流感在季節交替,氣候變換時較為流行。在香港,一般於冬春交接的一至三月和夏季的七至八月。<\/p>\n

流行性感冒與普通感冒的區別在於:前者徵狀更嚴重,且容易轉變為肺炎等臟腑病變,嚴重者可致死。因此,若感冒徵狀比以往嚴重,就應特別注意並積極治療,切勿延誤病情。<\/p>\n

時行感冒通常有以下幾種類別﹕<\/p>\n

風熱型﹕<\/p>\n

患者通常發熱較重,稍有惡寒,頭痛;咳嗽,痰少而黏稠難咳出,咽喉腫痛,口渴咽乾;舌色紅,舌苔薄黃,脈浮數。其中咽喉腫痛,舌紅苔薄黃都是熱的表現,這是和風寒型感冒的主要區別。<\/p>\n

治則﹕辛涼解表、清熱解毒<\/p>\n

祛暑濕 紓夏季感冒<\/p>\n

暑濕型﹕<\/p>\n

患者除了發熱惡寒,重點出現頭痛,四肢困倦或疼痛,好似濕毛巾裹住身體頭目一樣不舒適;甚至出現心煩口渴,胸悶脘痞,泛惡心,小便黃,易出現腹瀉;舌苔薄黃膩,脈濡數等徵狀,這些都是濕熱氣重的表現。尤其在夏季多雨的香港,又濕又熱,香港人大都被濕氣困擾。暑濕型感冒重點在於祛暑祛濕。<\/p>\n

治則﹕清暑、化濕、解表<\/p>\n

風寒型﹕<\/p>\n

患者通常惡寒情况較重,無汗、頭痛、頸痛、周身骨痛、流清涕、鼻塞、多噴嚏,咳嗽咳出白色稀薄痰液,苔薄白,脈浮緊。<\/p>\n

治則﹕辛溫解表<\/p>\n

甜食阻肺氣 易腹脹不適<\/p>\n

感冒期間注意飲食及戒口,否則會導致徵狀加重或延綿不癒。曾診治一名患者,感冒兩日來求診,當時徵狀有周身痛、發熱、咳嗽、痰多等,服用處方中藥兩天後徵狀明顯好轉。但剛剛好轉,同事請她食朱古力和薯片等零食,結果咳嗽和黃痰又回來了,最後要戒口,再多服幾劑中藥才能痊癒。<\/p>\n

過量甜食會增加痰液的生成,使得痰液黏度增高,難以咳出,阻礙肺氣宣降。同時甜食還容易引起腹脹不適,所以感冒期間應該禁食甜膩食品或高糖分的水果,如香蕉、提子、荔枝、龍眼、紅棗等。<\/p>\n

流感高峰期間,想減少感染風險,應保持室內空氣流通,避免去人群聚集場所。如必須去擁擠場所,請佩戴口罩。常洗手。日常加強鍛煉,提高抗病能力。<\/p>\n

轉季時氣候多變,注意保暖。如出汗較多,立即用乾毛巾抹汗水,再更換乾爽衣物。<\/p>\n

■中醫教路<\/p>\n

飲啖湯 防流感<\/p>\n

有不少湯水有效預防流感,部分更具有清熱解毒、潤肺止咳等功效,每日飲用便能見效。<\/p>\n

◆葱白大蒜湯<\/p>\n

材料﹕葱白250克、大蒜250克<\/p>\n

做法﹕葱白洗淨,大蒜去皮切碎,加水2000毫升煮半小時,隔渣倒出。日服3次,每次1杯<\/p>\n

功效﹕預防流行性感冒<\/p>\n

◆薑茶飲<\/p>\n

材料﹕生薑10片、茶葉7克<\/p>\n

做法﹕生薑片及茶葉一同煮水,趁熱飲<\/p>\n

功效﹕預防風寒感冒<\/p>\n

◆橄欖白蘿蔔湯<\/p>\n

材料﹕橄欖5枚、白蘿蔔150克<\/p>\n

做法﹕橄欖搗碎,與白蘿蔔一同煮湯代茶飲,防治流感及感冒<\/p>\n

功效﹕清熱解毒,祛風解表,生津止渴,清肺利咽<\/p>\n

◆綠豆茶葉湯<\/p>\n

材料﹕綠豆30克、茶葉9克<\/p>\n

做法﹕綠豆搗碎,加入茶葉後用紗布包好,加水1碗煎成半碗,除去茶包,加紅糖適量服用<\/p>\n

功效﹕用於防治流感<\/p>\n

◆蘆根飲<\/p>\n

材料﹕板藍根及鮮蘆根各30克、葛根5克、生甘草5克、生薑3片<\/p>\n

做法﹕所有材料放入煲內,加水1000毫升,煮20分鐘,趁熱飲。每日飲用2次<\/p>\n

功效﹕適用於流感高燒、肺熱咳嗽<\/p>\n

◆川貝百合梨<\/p>\n

材料﹕梨1個、百合15克、川貝母3克<\/p>\n

做法﹕梨削皮,切頂挖心,加百合及川貝母,之後將梨頂覆蓋好,放碗內隔水蒸2小時,喝湯吃梨,每天1個<\/p>\n

功效﹕清熱、潤肺、止咳、利大小便,用於流感及感冒咳嗽<\/p>\n

文:高潔瑩(註冊中醫)<\/p>\n

圖:資料圖片、OlgaMiltsova、halfbottle@iStockphoto<\/p>\n

統籌:鄭寶華<\/p>\n

編輯:蔡康琪<\/p>\n

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