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\uff08*\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u6bcf\u540d\u5a66\u5973\u5e73\u5747\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u540d\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u5982\u6578\u503c\u4f4e\u65bc2\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u53e3\u5c07\u6703\u4e0b\u964d\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u6797\u4fe1\u541b<\/p>\n

https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170710\/news\/_10yc101.jpg\uff08\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u76f8\u4e2d\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u975e\u500b\u6848\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0cPRImageFactory@iStockphoto\uff09;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170710\/news\/_10yc102.jpg\u8836\u98df\u5065\u5eb7\u2014\u2014\u55ae\u8eab\u4e0a\u73ed\u65cf\u7d93\u5e38\u4ee5\u5916\u8ce3\u6216\u901f\u98df\u586b\u809a\uff0c\u71df\u990a\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u7a2e\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u3002\uff08Ekaterina Molchanova@iStockphoto\uff09;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】「追求卓越」這概念源於管理學,經過幾十年的推廣已經擴展到所有領域,並且有走火入魔的情况。過度追求卓越對於個人、企業、城市和國家,長期來說代價沉重,社會出現「家庭缺乏症」,單身族、一人戶迅速上升。「沒有家庭的卓越」,是我們希望得到的卓越嗎?在職場上捱生捱死,換來高薪厚職,卻賠上家庭生活,成為「五拋世代」,即拋棄戀愛、結婚、生育、人際關係和購房的年輕一代。<\/p>\n

■香港個案<\/p>\n

日夜拼事業 無暇想生仔<\/p>\n

白小姐,香港金融公司精英<\/p>\n

「不談私事好嗎?我來這家投資機構兩年了,基本沒有個人生活,就算是假期,也是在回覆郵件中度過。」妝容精緻的白小姐舉止端莊大方,言談間淡淡透露出無奈和寂寞。她是一家金融公司的精英,工作上的收穫是以失去個人生活為代價換來的。她坦言,在過去兩年,幾乎分秒必爭的工作,剩下只有休息時間,不可能有時間談戀愛,更不會思考買樓及結婚生子的事情。每天陪伴她的,都是無邊的電腦、郵件、文件和投資案例。其餘的,都變成了奢望。<\/p>\n

白小姐這樣的女性精英在現代社會並不是少數,眾多創業者都圍繞在她們身邊,談起條款、募資、基金管理,或者談健身、紅酒、歐洲北美旅遊,她們都可以滔滔不絕,可是談起父母、家庭,卻往往陷入沉默。這些女性用自己的實力證明女性在事業上可以不輸男性,甚至可以做的更好。但是再深入追問下去,白小姐又表示,自己其實不敢跳槽,她深知女性找工作的不易,使得她只能在現有的崗位上繼續拼搏。<\/p>\n

既期待又怕受拖累<\/p>\n

提到戀愛婚姻,白小姐表示自己享受一個人的生活,但也期待可以有另一半來相互扶持。但是想到結婚所需的時間精力,想到生孩子之後帶來的事業停滯甚至倒退,想到撫養孩子的精力付出,甚至想到要贏在起跑線之前的教育花費,白小姐黯然說:「想到虎視眈眈盯着我這個職位的男男女女,我現在根本沒有多餘的精力來思考其他,我不敢稍有差池。」<\/p>\n

■首爾個案<\/p>\n

搵食艱難 只能滿足自己<\/p>\n

朴先生,首爾白領<\/p>\n

工作超過10個小時的朴先生疲憊的離開公司。飢腸轆轆的他走進連鎖便利店,拿起最近便利店和飯店名廚合作開發的高級便當,結帳付款。匆匆吃完這樣的速食食品,想到明天是周末,已經多個周末連續加班的朴先生打算明天給自己一個休息日。他來到首爾江南區一家電影院,在上映廳內設置的一人專用座位上欣賞新近上映的電影。看完電影,意猶未盡的他走入附近針對獨酌一族的小規模啤酒屋,在開放式吧枱上,一個人享受難得遠離工作的時光。偶然間,目光被對面街一家旅行社的招牌吸引,閃亮的字體介紹一人旅行。朴先生記下了聯繫電話,打算之後如果休假,就去試試一人旅遊。<\/p>\n

一個人住 一個人吃 一個人玩<\/p>\n

夜深人靜之時,朴先生走回自己獨居的公寓。隨手打開電視,不耐煩的跳過嬰幼兒奶粉的廣告,轉而被購物電視台主持人介紹的外語課程所吸引。想到公司同事紛紛在學習各種外語,倍感壓力的朴先生打算明天去附近的輔導班預約報名學習外語。這樣,普通公司職員朴先生的一天結束了。今年30歲的他已經獨自生活了逾10年,來自韓國全州的朴先生表示:「我未滿20歲就來到首爾上大學,之後一直在單身公寓獨自生活。因為經濟不景氣,工作難找,工資也只能剛好滿足我自己的需要,沒有自己的房子,沒有辦法經常探望留在全州的父母,結婚也因此推遲了,很自然就獨自生活了那麼長的時間。」<\/p>\n

■單身經濟 「錢途」藏暗湧<\/p>\n

北京媒體的隨機調查顯示,在4000多名單身職業女性中,有57.39%表示希望30歲前結婚。這些女性同時也表示,雖然她們希望找到合適的結婚伴侶,但是由於工作繁忙導致社交圈子窄小,很難遇到生活、經濟背景、興趣相近的男士,結果單身並且享受單身似乎成為女性不二的選擇。可是這樣的選擇,帶來自由的同時,也可能帶來情緒、家庭關係和工作壓力的困擾。<\/p>\n

埋下身心炸彈<\/p>\n

在香港,婦女生育率*由1960年的5.16基本持續下降到2014年的1.23。在這情况下,人口的老齡化、勞動力短缺,會給整個社會帶來一定的負擔,社會福利的分配,人類社會的可持續發展,都會受到影響。<\/p>\n

而朴先生則是韓國社會約520萬「一人家庭族」中的一個代表,也是「五拋世代」,即拋棄戀愛、結婚、生育、人際關係和購房的年輕一代。這樣的「單身經濟」近年來迅猛發展,成為新的社會經濟增長動力,由此而帶來的風險不可忽視。根據相關健康研究顯示,長期在外就餐和工作壓力帶來的生活不規律,造成生理上的營養不良、慢性胃炎,和心理上的抑鬱症和社交恐懼症。並且,單身一族的碎片化會使社會內部交流減少,不利於凝聚共識和形成合力,在對重大公眾事務投票上變得不積極,也會使得一人戶的利益表達渠道受阻。<\/p>\n

(*編按:生育率是計算每名婦女平均有多少名子女,如數值低於2,代表人口將會下降)<\/p>\n

文:吳兆文(香港大學社會工作及社會行政學系副教授)、王琪(香港大學社會工作及社會行政學系準博士)<\/p>\n

編輯:林信君<\/p>\n

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