{"id":6856,"date":"2017-08-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-31T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/?guid=8c7227b17dd04c6de7c080ca22d96bb5"},"modified":"2018-08-17T18:13:17","modified_gmt":"2018-08-17T10:13:17","slug":"%e5%95%8f%e9%86%ab%e7%94%9f%ef%bc%9a30%e8%87%b340%e6%ad%b2%e5%be%8c-%e9%aa%a8%e8%b3%aa%e9%9a%a8%e5%b9%b4%e6%bc%b8%e9%99%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/%e5%95%8f%e9%86%ab%e7%94%9f%ef%bc%9a30%e8%87%b340%e6%ad%b2%e5%be%8c-%e9%aa%a8%e8%b3%aa%e9%9a%a8%e5%b9%b4%e6%bc%b8%e9%99%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u554f\u91ab\u751f\uff1a30\u81f340\u6b72\u5f8c \u9aa8\u8cea\u96a8\u5e74\u6f38\u964d"},"content":{"rendered":"

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【明報專訊】林：林樹春 陳：陳智彬<\/p>\n

林﹕中年女性因為腰骨痛求診，懷疑是骨質疏鬆，要求處方鈣片。其實鈣片並無止痛作用，只能幫助補充流失的鈣質。是否女性才會出現骨質疏鬆？<\/p>\n

陳﹕女性比較容易有骨質疏鬆，因為女性的巔峰骨骼質量比男性低，再加上女性懷孕期的荷爾蒙分泌變化，以及更年期的影響，骨質流失比男性快。不過，男性亦會患上這病，因為無論男女，三十至四十歲之後，骨質會隨年齡慢慢下降。如果缺乏運動及營養不足，例如缺鈣和維他命D，或因藥物或其他病患影響，骨質流失就會加速。不過，由於大部分男士沒有接受骨質密度測試，所以即使有骨質疏鬆也未必發覺，我們亦未能掌握本港男性患骨質疏鬆的數字。<\/p>\n

■負重運動保骨質 加強平衡防跌倒<\/p>\n

林﹕有些精靈老友記，知道因為鈣質慢慢流失而導致骨質疏鬆，說年輕時儲鈣才有用；人老了，做什麼也於事無補。事實是否如此？<\/p>\n

陳﹕對付骨質疏鬆，最好方法是及早預防。除了注意飲食，運動同樣重要。有研究顯示，負重運動有助阻止骨質流失，因為骨骼會對重量有反應而增加骨質，肌肉又會因負重而變得更強壯；亦有研究顯示，練習太極對骨質疏鬆有幫助。同時，負重運動亦可以加強平衡力，令人不容易跌倒，自然能減少骨折風險。<\/p>\n

至於治療方面，現時有很多藥治療骨質疏鬆，有口服、靜脈注射及皮下注射等。藥物可以阻止骨質進一步流失，甚至幫助形成新骨。骨骼內有蝕骨細胞及造骨細胞，蝕骨細胞會食走老化的骨，造骨細胞則形成新的骨，故藥物也可以分為減少骨質流失及增加骨質。何時用藥、使用何種藥物、治療的時間長短等，就要視乎病情及身體體質。但千萬別自己亂用藥，因為藥物有副作用，需定期覆診和聽醫生意見。<\/p>\n

■超聲波掃描骨質 診斷參數欠標準<\/p>\n

林﹕坊間見到有商店為顧客進行腳部骨質掃描，有人做完檢查後被告知有骨質疏鬆，大驚下立即求醫。其實要做什麼檢查才可以確診骨質疏鬆？<\/p>\n

陳﹕超聲波掃描十分依賴操作者的經驗，而且這類檢查有局限之處，例如缺乏標準化、對於使用哪種診斷參數缺乏共識，在診斷中使用哪個骨骼部位也存在差異。<\/p>\n

要確診骨質疏鬆，根據世界衛生組織的診斷分類，雙能量X光骨質密度儀（DXA）是唯一標準。不過，並不是所有人都需要做DXA檢查，醫生先評估病人患骨質疏鬆及骨折的風險，例如年齡、體重指標、家族骨折歷史、吸煙習慣及使用藥物等，再作出建議。若檢查顯示骨質低過標準，便可能要考慮用藥控制。<\/p>\n

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