{"id":5761,"date":"2016-07-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-07T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/?guid=073b4db12a4792e616f85fbfad247899"},"modified":"2019-06-26T18:34:50","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T10:34:50","slug":"%e9%86%ab%e5%be%b9%e4%b8%ad%e8%a5%bf%ef%bc%9a%e8%85%b8%e8%83%83%e7%82%ba%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e8%85%a6%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/%e9%86%ab%e5%be%b9%e4%b8%ad%e8%a5%bf%ef%bc%9a%e8%85%b8%e8%83%83%e7%82%ba%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e8%85%a6%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4e2d\u91ab\u6cbb\u7642\u3011\u91ab\u5fb9\u4e2d\u897f\uff1a\u8178\u80c3\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8166\uff08\u4e2d\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u660e\u5831\u5c08\u8a0a\u3011\u4e0a\u4e00\u671f\uff086\u670817\u65e5\uff09\u8b1b\u5230\u8178\u80c3\u8207\u5927\u8166\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u9664\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u548c\u8178\u80c3\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u8178\u80c3\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u6216\u764c\u75c7\u90fd\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"\"
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\u98df\u7269\u5f71\u97ff\u7d30\u83cc\u5e73\u8861<\/h2>\n

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\u9577\u671f\u6fd5\u71b1\u7a4d\u805a \u5f15\u767c\u764c\u75c5<\/h2>\n

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【明報專訊】上一期（6月17日）講到腸胃與大腦之間的相互影響，其實除了精神狀態和腸胃有關，腸胃和身體的免疫系統或癌症都有密切的關係。<\/p>\n

執筆之時，筆者剛剛在西班牙參加一個學術會議，其中一位講者談到他做了很多研究，分析腸胃中細菌的分佈和大腸癌發生的關係。他發現正常人和大腸癌病患者，大便中的正常細菌分佈（bacteria flora）有不同的組成。如上期談到我們腸胃中有上億個細菌和我們共存，這些細菌租客租住我們的腸道，細菌如租客一樣有好的亦有壞的。這個學者發現在大腸癌病患者的糞便中，某一些正常應有的細菌較少，而一些有害的細菌比健康人士較多，因此推斷大腸癌的發生可能和大腸中的細菌分佈改變有關。<\/p>\n

食物影響細菌平衡<\/p>\n

舉個例說，大家都知道多食高脂肪食物較容易得大腸癌。其中的一個可能機理是因為進食高脂肪食物，膽汁的分泌較多，膽汁中的膽汁酸會經過腸道的細菌消化再轉化為次級膽汁酸（secondary bile acids），而這些膽汁酸是某類細菌的食物，使到某一類細菌個別生長，引致腸內的細菌失衡（gut dysbiosis）。另外，次級膽汁酸亦和大腸癌的演變機理有關。當然這只是其中一個例子，但可以肯定的是，所選擇的食物種類亦會影響腸道的細菌平衡，從而影響腸道的疾病。<\/p>\n

腸胃的細菌跟大腸癌發生有關，聽起來好似匪夷所思，其實細菌感染引起癌症並非少見。例如幾十年前醫學界未發現幽門螺旋球菌，亦不知道原來它是胃癌的一個重要風險，根治幽門螺旋球菌感染可大大減輕胃癌的風險。<\/p>\n

同樣道理，雖然現在所有的研究結果是非常初步，未很能確切指出，哪一種細菌引致大腸癌，哪一種細菌能夠保護大腸避免癌症發生，但飲食影響腸胃的細菌平衡是不容忽視的。現在研究證實不同的食物影響着大腸中的細菌組成，壞的細菌增加，會產生大量游離基，這些游離基能夠破壞大腸表皮細胞的基因，從而增加癌變的風險。另外壞的細菌亦會使大腸產生一種慢性炎症，長期不癒的慢性炎症，會增加細胞突變的風險。<\/p>\n

長期濕熱積聚 引發癌病<\/p>\n

在中醫的角度看來，很多癌症都是所謂長期濕熱積聚所引起的。濕熱的主要來源在幾個月前本專欄已提及，現不詳述，簡單來說就是進食了不當的垃圾食物所引起。因此，中醫特別強調戒口，是因為中醫學認為各種食物有不同的特性和四氣五味。有些食物偏性較強，例如較為熱毒的食物，身體產生各種「熱氣」。情况就如各種慢性炎症一樣，例如覺得口乾，口舌生瘡，甚至有痔瘡病人會大便出血等等，這些都是輕微熱氣的徵狀。長期的濕熱積滯會引發大腸癌。因此中醫學在治療大腸癌方面非常注重飲食調理，這好像和上述現代科學研究暗合。<\/p>\n

下期再談談腸胃對免疫系統的影響。<\/p>\n

文﹕香港大學臨牀腫瘤學系臨牀助理教授、註冊中醫蘇子謙<\/p>\n

https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20160708\/chimed\/_08VW007_.jpg不同種類的食物，會影響腸道細菌平衡，影響腸道疾病。;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5760,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3600,3625],"tags":[282,854,283,281],"class_list":["post-5761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4","category-3600","category-3625","tag-282","tag-854","tag-283","tag-281"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-11-22 07:59:40","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5761"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5761\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}