\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78<\/a>\u5316\u5b78\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u53ef\u5c07DNA\u6e2c\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u764c\u75c7\u6aa2\u6e2c\u548c\u8a3a\u65b7\u3002<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\u904e\u53bb\u8a3a\u65b7\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u6d3b\u6aa2\u662f\u9ec3\u91d1\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u4ee5\u8178\u764c\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576\u61f7\u7591\u5927\u8178\u6709\u816b\u7624\uff0c\u8981\u900f\u904e\u5927\u8178\u93e1\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u51fa\u61f7\u7591\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5728\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e0b\u89c0\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u6216\u9032\u884c\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u9a57\u3002\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u6d3b\u6aa2\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u5177\u5165\u4fb5\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u51fa\u8840\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u62bd\u91dd\u904e\u7a0b\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u64f4\u6563\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/_21YD004_x.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
\u6578\u5b57PCR\u57fa\u56e0\u9a57\u6e2c\u5100\u5668\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57PCR\u57fa\u56e0\u9a57\u6e2c\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u50f9\u503c\u904e\u767e\u842c\u5143\u3002\u5100\u5668\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u81a0\u515c\u5167\u6709\u4e8c\u842c\u7c92\u6c34\u73e0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c92\u6c34\u73e0\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u689d\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6a23\u672c\u53ef\u9032\u884c\u4e8c\u842cPCR\u57fa\u56e0\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\uff08\u5716\uff1a\u912d\u5bf6\u83ef\uff09<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u7c21\u55ae \u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e96\u78ba\u7387<\/h2>\n
\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u62bd\u8840\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u764c\u7d30\u80deDNA\uff0c\u5df2\u80fd\u5920\u78ba\u8a3a\u764c\u75c7\u3002\u300c\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u53e6\u4e00\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u9700\u62bd\u8840\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u975e\u5165\u4fb5\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u62bd\u9a57\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u300c\u8fd1\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7576\u60a3\u4e0a\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u589e\u751f\u548c\u51cb\u8b1d\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6703\u91cb\u51faDNA\u5165\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u9700\u62bd\u8840\u6aa2\u9a57\u764c\u75c7DNA\uff0c\u6bcb\u9808\u5230\u60a3\u75c5\u5668\u5b98\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\u62bd\u53d6\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u300d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u91cb\u51fa\u7684DNA\u6578\u91cf\u6975\u5fae\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u6e96\u78ba\u5075\u6e2c\u51fa\u5fae\u91cf\u764c\u75c7DNA\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u6cbf\u7528\u7684PCR\u57fa\u56e0\u6e2c\u6aa2\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u5fae\u91cf\u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80deDNA\u3002\u300d\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u5927\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u300c\u6578\u5b57PCR\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6a23\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a2\u842c\u6b21PCR\u57fa\u56e0\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u9010\u7c92DNA\u6aa2\u67e5\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u300c\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71PCR\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5c07\u4e00\u5806\u6c99\u653e\u5165\u76d2\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7c92\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u6c99\u7c92\uff1b\u65b0\u7684\u6578\u5b57PCR\uff0c\u662f\u5148\u5c07\u6c99\u5806\u5206\u6563\u6210\u6c99\u7c92\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u76d2\u5b50\u53ea\u653e\u4e00\u7c92\u6c99\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u627e\u51fa\u88dd\u7740\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u6c99\u7c92\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u4ee5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u80ba\u764c\u6a19\u9776\u85e5\u7684\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71PCR\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u6210\uff0c\u6578\u5b57PCR\u537b\u9ad8\u9054\u4e03\u81f3\u516b\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u6578\u9805\u81e8\u7240\u61c9\u7528\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u6280\u8853\ufe55<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5c0b\u627e\u80ba\u764c\u6a19\u9776<\/h2>\n
\u80ba\u764c\u75c5\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u6c23\u7ba1\u93e1\u6216\u80ba\u7a7f\u523a\u62bd\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u6709\u5426EGFR\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u9776\u85e5\u3002\u6c23\u7ba1\u93e1\u6216\u80ba\u7a7f\u523a\u5c6c\u5165\u4fb5\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u79c1\u5bb6\u91ab\u9662\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8f2a\u5019\u4e00\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u516c\u5bb6\u91ab\u9662\u5247\u9700\u4e09\u6578\u661f\u671f\uff1b\u800c\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u50b7\u53ca\u6c23\u7ba1\u6216\u80ba\u7d44\u7e54\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e86\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7576\u61f7\u7591\u60a3\u4e0a\u80ba\u764c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u62bd\u8840\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u78ba\u8a3a\u53ca\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5426\u5e36EGFR\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u62bd\u8840\u7fcc\u65e5\u5df2\u80fd\u5f97\u77e5\u5316\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ca\u65e9\u7528\u85e5\u3002\u9673\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u7d04\u516b\u6210\uff0c\u7576\u62bd\u8840\u6aa2\u67e5\u767c\u73fe\u6709EGFR\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u7528\u6a19\u9776\u85e5\uff0c\u6bcb\u9808\u518d\u505a\u50b3\u7d71\u7d44\u7e54\u6d3b\u6aa2\uff1b\u5982\u62bd\u8840\u6aa2\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5230EGFR\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u624d\u9700\u63a5\u53d7\u50b3\u7d71\u7d44\u7e54\u6d3b\u6aa2\uff0c\u4f5c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6aa2\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5e36\u6709EGFR\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u80ba\u764c\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u670d\u7528\u6a19\u9776\u85e5\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u6162\u6162\u51fa\u73fe\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u4f86\u81ea\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u6539\u8b8aEGFR\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u4ee4\u85e5\u7269\u5931\u6548\uff1b\u800c\u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6a19\u9776\u85e5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u500bT790M\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u8981\u6aa2\u6e2c\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73fe\u6297\u85e5\u6027\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u6a19\u9776\uff1f\u50b3\u7d71\u6d3b\u6aa2\u5c31\u9762\u5c0d\u5e7e\u500b\u96e3\u984c\ufe55\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u64f4\u6563\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u8b8a\u7570\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u958b\u59cb\uff1f\u6d3b\u6aa2\u61c9\u62bd\u53d6\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6297\u85e5\u6027\uff0c\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u6975\u5c11\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u7d44\u7e54\u4ea6\u672a\u5fc5\u9a57\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u6301\u7e8c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5df2\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u5dee\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u4f55\u6642\u6700\u9069\u5408\u62bd\u7d44\u7e54\u6aa2\u67e5\uff1f\u7576\u6aa2\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u53ef\u5426\u518d\u6b21\u505a\u624b\u8853\u62bd\u53d6\u7d44\u7e54\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u91cb\u51fa\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u6bcb\u9808\u8003\u616e\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u9a57\u8840\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u5426\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0d\u5177\u5165\u4fb5\u6027\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u75c5\u60c5\u51fa\u73fe\u8b8a\u5316\u6642\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u6bb5\u91cd\u8907\u6aa2\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7be9\u6aa2\u65e9\u671f\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c<\/h2>\n
\u4e2d\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u9996\u5275\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u57fa\u56e0\u8840\u6db2\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5075\u6e2c\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u525b\u5b8c\u6210\u6d89\u53ca2\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u81e8\u7240\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u5168\u5c6c40\u81f360\u6b72\u3001\u7121\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u75c5\u5fb5\u7684\u83ef\u88d4\u7537\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u81e8\u7240\u6e2c\u8a66 \u6548\u679c\u7406\u60f3<\/p>\n
\u5206\u6790\u521d\u6b655000\u4eba\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u627e\u52307\u81f38\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u5e36\u6709\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u816b\u7624\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u518d\u900f\u904e\u9f3b\u54bd\u93e1\u6216\u78c1\u529b\u5171\u632f\u78ba\u8a3a\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\u3002\u300c\u7576\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u9023\u9f3b\u54bd\u93e1\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8d85\u7d30\u5c0f\u816b\u7624\uff0c\u8981\u78c1\u529b\u5171\u632f\u624d\u80fd\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\uff0c\u6cbb\u7652\u7387\u9ad8\u903e\u4e5d\u6210\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n
\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u8a8d\u6db2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u6aa2\u7528\u4f5c\u7be9\u67e5\u65e9\u671f\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u9ad8\u905495%\u81f397%\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5168\u8eab\u764c\u7d30\u80de<\/h2>\n
\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u56e0\u6392\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5c07\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709DNA\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5075\u6e2c\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u764c\u75c7\u57fa\u56e0\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u9ad8\u903e\u516b\u6210\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u764c\u75c7\u57fa\u56e0\u7279\u5fb5\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8981\u9010\u4e00\u5075\u6e2c\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6280\u8853\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u6aa2\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u627e\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u91ab\u751f\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u66ab\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u7528\uff01\u300d\u9664\u975e\u627e\u5230\u50cf\u80ba\u764cEGFR\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\u6216\u9f3b\u54bd\u764c\u57fa\u56e0\u7b49\uff0c\u6709\u7368\u6709\u7279\u5fb5\u764c\u75c7\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5831\u544a\u7d50\u679c\u672a\u80fd\u78ba\u5be6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u60a3\u764c\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5c1a\u5f85\u5927\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u64da\u78ba\u8a8d<\/h2>\n
\u9673\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u76ee\u4ecd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6b20\u7f3a\u5927\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u6578\u64da\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u8b80\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u300c\u7a76\u7adf\u9a57\u6e2c\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u6709\u5e7e\u9ad8\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u9a57\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u5448\u967d\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddf\u9032\u6aa2\u67e5\u53c8\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u764c\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\uff1f\u662f\u5831\u544a\u51fa\u932f\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e94\u5e74\u5f8c\u764c\u75c7\u767c\u751f\u7387\uff1f\u672a\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u524d\uff0c\u80e1\u4e82\u9a57\u6e2c\u53ea\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u865b\u9a5a\u4e00\u5834\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9810\u6e2c\u809d\u764c\u767c\u75c5\u7387<\/h2>\n
\u4e59\u578b\u809d\u708e\u5e36\u83cc\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e741%\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u809d\u764c\uff1b\u6216\u809d\u786c\u5316\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e744%\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u809d\u764c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u503c\u5f97\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6392\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u627e\u51fa\u809d\u764c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u70ba\u809d\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u589e\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u56e0\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u56e0\u8b8a\u7570\u4e0d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u809d\u764c\uff0c\u8981\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u8b8a\u7570\u624d\u6703\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u809d\u764c\u3002\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u5927\u6b63\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u904e\u57fa\u56e0\u6392\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6578\u7b97\u76f8\u95dc\u5df2\u8b8a\u7570\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u8a55\u4f30\u672a\u4f86\u4e94\u5e74\u809d\u764c\u767c\u751f\u98a8\u96aa\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u816b\u7624\u6a19\u8a18 \u6aa2\u67e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760<\/h2>\n
\u574a\u9593\u8eab\u9ad4\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u300c\u816b\u7624\u6a19\u8a18\u300d\uff08Tumor Marker\uff09\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u764c\u75c7\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u8207\u764c\u7d30\u80deDNA\u6709\u4f55\u5206\u5225\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u9673\u541b\u8cdc\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u816b\u7624\u6a19\u8a18\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6aa2\u9a57\u764c\u75c7\u76f8\u95dc\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6bcf\u500b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u90fd\u6703\u91cb\u51fa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u764c\u75c7\u91cb\u51fa\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u76f8\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u91cb\u51fa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u900f\u904e\u6aa2\u9a57\u816b\u7624\u6a19\u8a18\u5075\u6e2c\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u8aaa\uff0c\u8178\u764c\u6703\u91cb\u51fa\u764c\u80da\u80ce\u6297\u539f\uff08CEA\uff09\uff0c\u5438\u7159\u8005\u3001\u708e\u75c7\u3001\u80ba\u764c\u75c5\u4eba\u7684CEA\u4ea6\u6703\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7528CEA\u4f5c\u70ba\u6e2c\u6aa2\u8178\u764c\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9a57\u6e2c\u764c\u7d30\u80deDNA\uff0c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6587\u3001\u5716\uff1a\u912d\u5bf6\u83ef<\/p>\n
\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u738b\u7fe0\u9e97<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
【明報專訊】一滴血，可以透視全身癌症？<\/p>\n
液體活檢是近年熱門醫學科研，只需要一滴血，驗測血液中的癌症DNA，就可以找到連內窺鏡也看不見的極早期鼻咽癌、預測肝癌發生率，甚至偵測到全身是否有癌細胞。究竟如何做得到？準確性有多高？<\/p>\n
專家指出，液體活檢是肺癌診斷和治療的大趨勢；估計未來數年，會廣泛應用於不同癌症測檢。<\/p>\n
最為人熟悉的液體活檢，應該是1997年中大首創的無創產前診斷，透過分析母親血液中的胎兒DNA，診斷胎兒有否患上唐氏綜合症，取代過去入侵性的抽絨毛或抽羊水檢查。<\/p>\n
液體活檢隨基因科技不斷發展和普及。剛於上月底在香港舉行的第三屆香港國際腫瘤學會議（HKIOS），液體活檢正是其中一個熱門課題，尤其在癌症診斷和治療上。香港中文大學化學病理學系教授陳君賜指出，現在已可將DNA測序技術應用於癌症檢測和診斷。<\/p>\n
過去診斷癌症，活檢是黃金標準。陳君賜以腸癌為例，當懷疑大腸有腫瘤，要透過大腸鏡直接取出懷疑組織，在顯微鏡下觀察是否癌細胞或進行病理化驗。「傳統活檢優點是準確度高，缺點是具入侵性，除了有出血風險，抽針過程亦可能會令癌細胞擴散。」<\/p>\n
液體活檢簡單 新科技提高準確率<\/p>\n
液體活檢，就是透過抽血檢驗，尋找癌細胞DNA，已能夠確診癌症。「液體活檢另一好處，因為只需抽血，十分簡單、非入侵性，可以重複抽驗。」<\/p>\n
「近年研究發現，當患上癌症，癌細胞增生和凋謝過程中，會釋出DNA入血液中，所以只需抽血檢驗癌症DNA，毋須到患病器官或組織抽取癌細胞。」然而，陳君賜指出，癌細胞釋出的DNA數量極微，尤其是早期癌症，要在血液中準確偵測出微量癌症DNA，並不容易。<\/p>\n
「過去沿用的PCR基因測檢技術，未必偵測到血液中微量的癌細胞DNA。」陳君賜指出，中大醫學院使用新技術「數字PCR」，一個樣本可以做2萬次PCR基因測試，逐粒DNA檢查有沒有變異，「舉例說，傳統PCR技術，就像是將一堆沙放入盒子中，尋找其中一粒異常的沙粒；新的數字PCR，是先將沙堆分散成沙粒，每一盒子只放一粒沙，然後找出裝着不正常沙粒的盒子」。以檢測肺癌標靶藥的抗藥性基因為例，傳統PCR準確率只有四成，數字PCR卻高達七至八成。<\/p>\n
陳君賜介紹了數項臨牀應用及研究中的液體活檢技術﹕<\/p>\n
◆尋找肺癌標靶<\/p>\n
肺癌病人需要透過氣管鏡或肺穿刺抽組織，檢查有否EGFR基因變異，是否適合使用標靶藥。氣管鏡或肺穿刺屬入侵手術，私家醫院一般需輪候一星期，公家醫院則需三數星期；而過程可能傷及氣管或肺組織。<\/p>\n
有了液體活檢技術，當懷疑患上肺癌，只需要抽血檢查，就可以同時確診及知道是否帶EGFR基因變異，抽血翌日已能得知化驗結果，及早用藥。陳指出，液體活檢準確率約八成，當抽血檢查發現有EGFR基因變異，病人可以直接服用標靶藥，毋須再做傳統組織活檢；如抽血檢查找不到EGFR變異，病人才需接受傳統組織活檢，作進一步檢查。<\/p>\n
另外，帶有EGFR基因變異的肺癌病人，服用標靶藥一段時間後，會慢慢出現抗藥性。研究發現，抗藥性來自新的基因突變，改變EGFR形狀，令藥物失效；而最新一代的標靶藥，正是針對這個T790M基因突變。<\/p>\n
抗藥性通常由一小部分的癌細胞開始，要檢測是否出現抗藥性？是否適合使用新一代標靶？傳統活檢就面對幾個難題﹕首先，癌細胞擴散全身，究竟抗藥性變異是哪一位置開始？活檢應抽取哪一個位置？另外，早期抗藥性，變異的癌細胞極少，抽取組織亦未必驗得出，但當抗藥性持續一段時間，身體已可能變差。究竟何時最適合抽組織檢查？當檢查找不到抗藥性基因，病人可否再次做手術抽取組織？<\/p>\n
液體活檢就可以解決上述難題，因為抗藥性基因釋出血液，毋須考慮癌細胞位置，只需驗血就知道有否基因突變；另外，由於檢查不具入侵性，病人可以在病情出現變化時、不同時段重複檢查。<\/p>\n
◆篩檢早期鼻咽癌<\/p>\n
中大化學病理學系首創鼻咽癌基因血液測試，透過偵測血液中的鼻咽癌基因，找出鼻咽癌病人。陳君賜指出，剛完成涉及2萬人的臨牀測試，全屬40至60歲、無鼻咽癌病徵的華裔男性。<\/p>\n
鼻咽癌臨牀測試 效果理想<\/p>\n
分析初步5000人結果顯示，找到7至8人的血液中帶有鼻咽癌腫瘤基因，再透過鼻咽鏡或磁力共振確診，當中一半是鼻咽癌第一期。「當中找到連鼻咽鏡也看不到的超細小腫瘤，要磁力共振才能發現。早期鼻咽癌，治癒率高逾九成。」<\/p>\n
陳君賜相信，今次研究結果，可以確認液體活檢用作篩查早期鼻咽癌，準確度高達95%至97%。<\/p>\n
◆檢測全身癌細胞<\/p>\n
利用基因排序技術，將血液中找到的所有DNA排序，偵測有沒有癌症基因特徵，準確率高逾八成。每一種癌症基因特徵都不一樣，要逐一偵測，涉及技術相當複雜，成本高昂。不過，陳君賜指出：「這種檢驗方法，可找出任何癌症，但對醫生和病人來說，暫時完全無用！」除非找到像肺癌EGFR基因變異或鼻咽癌基因等，有獨有特徵癌症基因，否則報告結果未能確實指出，哪一個位置患癌。<\/p>\n
尚待大型研究數據確認<\/p>\n
陳指出，這項目仍在研究階段，現在欠缺大型研究數據確認，也未知如何解讀報告，「究竟驗測的準確度有幾高？如果驗測結果呈陽性，但跟進檢查又找不到癌細胞，要如何處理？是報告出錯？還是代表五年後癌症發生率？未搞清楚這些問題前，胡亂驗測只會令人虛驚一場」。<\/p>\n
◆預測肝癌發病率<\/p>\n
乙型肝炎帶菌者，每年1%演變成肝癌；或肝硬化病人，每年4%演變成肝癌。這些病人值得用上述的基因排序技術找出肝癌。<\/p>\n
因為肝癌細胞增生，有很多基因控制，一個基因變異不會造成肝癌，要一連串變異才會演變成肝癌。陳君賜指出，中大正研究透過基因排序技術，數算相關已變異的基因，評估未來五年肝癌發生風險高低。<\/p>\n
■知多啲<\/p>\n
腫瘤標記 檢查不可靠<\/p>\n
坊間身體檢查，常見其中一個項目「腫瘤標記」（Tumor Marker），聲稱可以偵測癌症。究竟與癌細胞DNA有何分別？<\/p>\n
陳君賜解釋，腫瘤標記主要是檢驗癌症相關蛋白質，然而，並非每個病人的癌細胞都會釋出蛋白質，有些癌症釋出的蛋白質相類似，加上癌細胞釋出蛋白質的原因和作用未知，因此透過檢驗腫瘤標記偵測癌症，結果並不可靠。舉例說，腸癌會釋出癌胚胎抗原（CEA），吸煙者、炎症、肺癌病人的CEA亦會較高，所以用CEA作為測檢腸癌，準確度低。<\/p>\n
相反，驗測癌細胞DNA，是直接因果關係，因此準確度較高。<\/p>\n
文、圖：鄭寶華<\/p>\n
編輯：王翠麗<\/p>\n
https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20161121\/news\/_21YD001_.jpg陳君賜（圖：鄭寶華）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20161121\/news\/_21YD004_x.jpg數字PCR基因驗測儀器——一個數字PCR基因驗測儀器，價值過百萬元。儀器每一個小膠兜內有二萬粒水珠，每一粒水珠帶有一條基因，一個樣本可進行二萬PCR基因測試。（圖：鄭寶華）;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5124,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,3600,3601],"tags":[237,524,219],"class_list":["post-5126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3","category-3600","category-3601","tag-237","tag-524","tag-219"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-11-16 09:23:30","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5126"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5126\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/_21YD001_.jpg\" "\\"\\"")