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【明報專訊】衛生署數據顯示，15歲或以上人口約27%血壓偏高；45至54歲有逾三成，55至64歲則有近五成，隨年紀增長，患血壓高的比率上升。<\/p>\n

防治高血壓，低鈉飲食是重點。不過，網上討論區、blogger都吹捧食蒜能降血壓，聲稱每日生食一粒，有助降血壓。不過，有中醫師指出，長期食生蒜隨時血壓降不成，反而令燥火上升，招來更多病痛。<\/p>\n

坊間流傳大蒜功效多多，有殺菌、降血壓、止嘔等，究竟是否可信呢？香港中文大學醫學院中西醫結合醫務中心註冊中醫洪雙雙指出，在中醫角度來說，蒜可分為大蒜及小蒜兩種，前者即常見炒菜用的蒜頭，後者則指用作醃製蕎頭的食材，而坊間所指食生蒜有療效，則主要指大蒜。「大蒜有溫中健胃、消食解毒之用，意思是可以幫助驅走胃部的寒氣，亦能幫助消化。由於大蒜性溫，味帶辛辣，所以古書指其有殺菌功效。」<\/p>\n

高血壓患者 體質多偏熱<\/p>\n

那麼食生蒜有沒有降血壓的功效？洪雙雙表示在外國的確有好多大蒜的研究，大部分指對降血壓、血脂有幫助，而且在外國，亦有大蒜的補充劑出售，但醫學界對這些研究存有質疑，「現時有太多關於大蒜的研究，但研究質素卻相當參差，例如測試人數是否足夠？測試的方法各有不同，所以就算有研究報告，都只能作為參考。而從中醫角度，就算好多研究指大蒜有助降血壓，但仍不能單靠一種食材去解決問題。而且大蒜帶溫性，味道亦辛辣，長期生食太多，會令身體燥熱，容易熱氣，使體質出現偏性，引致其他身體毛病」。<\/p>\n

另外，洪雙雙指出，對於高血壓病人，食生蒜亦未必好，「從中醫的角度，治療疾病的原則主要是調整體質、平衡陰陽，所以每一種食材、用藥，都要視乎體質而決定是否適合。其中高血壓人士的體質，大多偏熱，而進食過量性溫的生蒜，只會令身體燥上加燥」。至於有人推薦將蒜頭混合醋一同食用，洪雙雙提醒﹕「醋本身是酸性的，酸是屬陰性，具有滋陰的功效，所以能有效減少燥熱的問題，但都只能適量進食。」<\/p>\n

生食過量傷胃 蒸熟功效減<\/p>\n

除了高血壓病人需要留意，本身屬熱底人士，或經常出現胃部不適者，亦切忌亂食，「剛才提及大蒜有消食作用，可令胃酸加速分泌，所以有胃潰瘍、腸潰瘍，甚至有慢性胃痛的人，都不適合長期食用生蒜。亦由於生蒜對胃有刺激作用，長者亦不適宜生食大蒜。另外，如果進食過量生蒜，除了傷胃，亦可引致眼紅、眼瘡、便秘及有口氣等上火的問題」。<\/p>\n

除了食生蒜，坊間有傳「蒜頭蒸飯」，稱聲只要在煮飯時放入幾粒蒜頭，每日進食即可令血壓回復正常。洪雙雙表示，經過烹調的大蒜，其辛辣味會下降，功效亦會減弱，「由於高溫會令大蒜藥效減低，所以經過烹調後只會變成調味料，想要藥效最好還是生食」。<\/p>\n

除了生蒜，近年亦流行食黑蒜，功效又如何？「黑蒜經過長時間低溫發酵，味道會由辛轉為甜，由於不算高溫烹調，所以既會保留生蒜的部分功效，但卻不會引致熱氣，同時亦因為味道改變，消食的功能亦減弱，反而會有健胃作用，對於一些經常沒有胃口的人，進食小量有助增加食慾，但又不至於刺激腸胃。」不過，洪雙雙提醒食用者，由於香港天氣較為潮濕，令本身經過發酵的黑蒜更容易出現霉菌，加上失去辛辣味道之後，亦沒有殺菌能力，所以進食時需多加留意。<\/p>\n

黑蒜通便？ 不如吃新鮮蔬菜<\/p>\n

黑蒜和大蒜一樣，如經高溫烹調，功能會減少，所以就算長期進食一些標榜以黑蒜製作的料理，亦未必有任何功效。至於坊間指食黑蒜有助減少便秘，洪雙雙解釋，黑蒜有纖維，所以通便有作用，「但功效與進食新鮮蔬菜一樣，沒有太大分別」。無論生蒜或是黑蒜，都不宜過量進食，但幾多才算太多？「一般來說，就算是寒底人，每日食五至十粒都太多，其實每日食一至兩粒已經好夠。至於黑蒜方面，由於始終是發酵食物，不宜進食太多，每星期一至二粒便已足夠。」<\/p>\n

不論生蒜或黑蒜，氣味及味道都未必每個人都能接受，想找代替品選擇也不少，「例如想健胃消食，建議改用炒麥芽或穀芽煎水服用；而想達到溫中效果，則可用高良薑代替，可減少對腸胃的刺激。至於有便秘或排便問題的人，則可在煮食時加入小茴香作為調味料，有助腸道運動，排走宿便」。<\/p>\n

文：勞耀全<\/p>\n

插圖：鍾錦榮<\/p>\n

圖：馮凱鍵、資料圖片<\/p>\n

編輯：林信君<\/p>\n

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