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\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/55734824.jpg;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】「阿囝升上中學後,每次放完長假都唔肯返學,點算?」網上討論區經常出現類似的家長留言。<\/p>\n

中學生缺課問題不罕見,家中孩子一旦拒絕上學,父母大都不知所措;加上近期連串學生輕生新聞,父母更噤若寒蟬,不敢責罵,怎算好?<\/p>\n

升中一中四 兩大高危期<\/p>\n

「中學生缺課,有兩個高危期,一是小學升上中學,要重新適應新環境;另一是中三升中四,即將面對香港中學文憑考試(DSE)。」香港中文大學社會工作學系專業顧問劉玉琼表示,如果父母和孩子因而爭執,更會令家庭關係變差,也難以找出根本原因;如情况嚴重,子女甚至有輕生念頭。<\/p>\n

她指出,大部分不願上學的個案,問題都是日積月累而成,分別來自學校、家庭或朋友等多方面。要幫助他們走出困境,並非只靠責罵,必須了解問題癥結所在,加以支援,「耐性與溝通,是重要良方」。<\/p>\n

以小學升中學的學生為例,就算升中後成績未見下滑,並不代表其他方面也沒有問題。劉玉琼曾接觸一名學生,小學的成績很好,獲名校中學收錄,但開學前已表示不願上學。由於未入新學校,所以問題並不涉及學習環境、成績等。「除了學業成績,他們面對很多問題,包括環境適應、家庭壓力、朋友改變等不同方面。」當問題不斷累積,沒有適當處理,便可能導致不同程度的缺課、逃學問題。<\/p>\n

雖然有果必有因,但劉玉琼表示,要找出學生不願上學的原因,並不容易。「部分學生非常清楚自己不願上學的原因,例如受同學欺凌、覺得在學校學習的知識沒有用等;但有更多的學童,或許原因不止得一個,他們一時三刻未必能說出因由。」<\/p>\n

另一個缺課「高危」時段,是中三升讀中四,「升上中四,便開始為DSE做準備,學習模式再一次轉變;加上考試壓力加大,部分學生未必適應到當中的變化,選擇不上學,但並不代表他們沒有學習的興趣」。劉玉琼曾接觸一名學生,中四開學不久便不願上學,但他並沒有放棄學習,改在家中自修,「於是父母請補習老師上門授課,他更報考多個國際試,準備之後報考大學」。當然,這種學生,需要有家庭、金錢上的支援,才能得到這個結果。<\/p>\n

要令缺課學生重新回到學校,劉玉琼指出首先要了解原因,之後與學校商討解決方法。「涉及的原因可以好多,例如﹕與同學之間人際關係差、與老師教學方式不合等,可以嘗試經校長、學校社工等調停,由於校長和學校社工在學生的日常學習環境中沒有太直接的接觸,可以充當一個不錯的中介角色,有助解決學童因學習環境所引致的問題。」另外,不少不願上學的學生,整天對着電腦,父母責怪他們只願打機不願上學,「其實在電腦面前,可以做好多事情,最好先了解子女的行為,可能會發現他們的興趣所在,從而找出更合適他們的升學道路」。<\/p>\n

轉校需重新適應 壓力或更大<\/p>\n

缺課的學生個案不少,當中涉及功課壓力、成績下滑等多種原因,有家長為求令子女重回校園,會建議轉校。劉玉琼解釋,這並非最佳的解決方法。「如果與子女溝通後,對方接受轉校提議,當然最好不過」,惟她接觸過的缺課學生,就算不願上學,也不會選擇轉校,當中可能涉及不想與朋友分開,亦可能怕要轉去一間名聲較差的學校就讀。更加重要的是,轉一間新學校,需要重新適應另一個環境,對於孩子來說壓力可能更大。<\/p>\n

■處理情緒 宜「對人唔對事」<\/p>\n

面對孩子缺課,香港中文大學社會工作學系專業顧問劉玉琼表示最好的處理方法,應該「對人唔對事」,不要急於逼孩子上學,應要了解他們的情緒和感受。「曾經有個就讀名校的學生,成績一直不錯,但有一次考試卻有多科不及格,當父母看到成績單後,便問﹕『你成績這樣,想點?』在父母的角度來看,只是激勵她勤力學習,但原來從女兒角度,覺得父母只看重成績,而沒有理會她的感受。」劉玉琼解釋,那個學生自己亦想得到好成績,所以對成績下滑相當失落,但父母只集中注意成績高低,而沒有對她的情緒作出安撫,令她更難受,覺得父母重視成績多過自己。<\/p>\n

成績下滑 冷靜商討忌責備<\/p>\n

其實不少父母發現孩子成績或學習出了問題,第一時間是出言責備,以為可藉此改善,但實情只會令雙方關係變差。正確的做法應該先令自己冷靜,之後再與子女討論問題所在,繼而找出雙方都接受的解決方法,父母再加以支援,才能有效達到預期效果。<\/p>\n

家長小心無形中施壓<\/p>\n

此外,劉玉琼提醒父母,會否不自覺給予孩子學習壓力。她見過不少個案,學生在學習過程已給自己不少壓力,但另一方面,家長受到壓力,再向子女施壓。「近年不少家長自設社交群組,互通學校或學生消息。如果群組內的家長都屬『催谷型』,自己不期然會受到壓力,一起『催谷』。另外,親友之間往往會比較同輩的成績、品行,亦在不知不覺對父母構成壓力,轉移到自己子女身上。」現代父母都希望子女成材,怕做漏、做少會影響子女日後發展,安排補習、學習才藝,甚至強迫孩子去學,令親子關係變差,當問題出現時,子女亦有口難言。<\/p>\n

「不少父母以為,幫子女安排好一切,就是對他們最好。但現今的社會改變,年輕一代對於自身的受尊重程度及自由度都增加,父母在沒有與子女溝通之下作出的安排,往往只會適得其反。」<\/p>\n

■講座活動<\/p>\n

◆評估輕生危機 及早識別處理<\/p>\n

青少年輕生個案上升,作為家長可如何應對?由香港撒瑪利亞防止自殺會與教協將軍澳中心合辦的工作坊,提供專家講解自殺危機評估、早期識別及處理技巧,有備無患。<\/p>\n

日期:4月7日(周五)<\/p>\n

時間:晚上7:00至9:45<\/p>\n

地點:教協將軍澳中心(寶琳北路100號欣明苑停車場大廈地下)<\/p>\n

網址:goo.gl\/Bv7wcC<\/a><\/p>\n

◆正能量青年 活出喜樂人生<\/p>\n

積極生活及正能量,是減少青少年輕生念頭的良方。自2006年開始,基督教家庭服務中心舉辦的「正能量青年選舉」,已肯定及表揚了超過300名積極生活的青少年。鼓勵年輕人在生活中為自己的目標而出發,從而尋找喜樂人生。第六屆正能量青年選舉現正接受提名,截止報名日期為3月31日。<\/p>\n

查詢:2750 2337<\/p>\n

網址:goo.gl\/elUbV3<\/a><\/p>\n

文:勞耀全<\/p>\n

編輯:王翠麗<\/p>\n

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