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\"\"
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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\u4f4e\u2014\u2014\u6350\u8840\u524d\u8981\u7be4\u624b\u6307\u6aa2\u67e5\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\uff0c\u7d05\u5341\u5b57\u6703\u7684\u6578\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u670913%\u6350\u8840\u4eba\u58eb\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66ab\u7de9\u6350\u8840\u3002\uff08\u5716\uff1a\u9ec3\u5fd7\u6771\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u6708\u7d93\u5931\u8840\u3000\u5c0f\u6578\u6015\u9577\u8a08<\/h2>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\"\"
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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u6797\u4fe1\u541b<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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【明報專訊】香港紅十字會輸血服務中心數字顯示，到捐血中心捐血的「健康人士」，竟然有13%因血紅素不足，需要暫緩捐血，情况嚴重，需要關注。<\/p>\n

血紅素不足，主要是因為攝取鐵質不足的缺鐵性貧血，香港人識飲識食，餐餐有魚有肉，為何超過一成人鐵質不足導致貧血？<\/p>\n

「貧血有很多種類，包括骨髓造血出現問題（如：骨髓病變、嚴重地中海貧血）、溶血（如：傳染病、藥物誘發）、失血（創傷、腸胃出血、女性周期性失血）；另外，營養不足或失衡（缺乏鐵質、葉酸、維他命B12）也會導致貧血。最常見的貧血，就是鐵質吸收不足，影響紅血球的製造，即『缺鐵性貧血』。」香港紅十字會輸血服務中心行政及醫務總監、血液及血液腫瘤科專科醫生李卓廣解釋。<\/p>\n

茶啡阻鐵質吸收致貧血<\/p>\n

血液主要包括4種成分：紅血球、白血球、血小板和血漿。紅血球包含血紅素，血紅素負責輸送氧氣到身體各個組織；而鐵質就是製造血紅素的主要元素。當身體鐵質不足，影響血紅素製造，就會導致缺鐵性貧血，出現疲倦、虛弱、暈眩、心跳加快、呼吸急促、臉色蒼白等徵狀。<\/p>\n

根據香港紅十字會輸血服務中心的統計，2016年約有32.8萬人捐血，當中要暫緩捐血者達7萬多人。而在暫緩捐血人士中，約六成即4萬多人（約佔捐血總人數13％）是因為血紅素不足；其他原因包括最近兩周出現身體不適，曾到過傳染病地區等。<\/p>\n

男性血紅素標準值為13-18度（ g\/dL），女性則為11.5-16.5度。「捐血前，必須『篤手指』測試血色素，肯定捐血人士有充足的血紅素，捐血後不會感到不適。」李卓廣說，因為女性受月經周期影響，血紅素水平要求較男性低。然而，捐血中心發現，男性因血紅素不足暫緩捐血的比率為7.7%；而女性的比率更高達16.5％。<\/p>\n

月經失血　小數怕長計<\/p>\n

李卓廣解釋，缺鐵性貧血的主要原因是體內鐵質流失快和補充慢。正常人體的總鐵質儲存量為3500毫克，當中2300毫克儲存在紅血球，餘下則儲存在肌肉、肝臟、骨髓和巨噬細胞。「我們每天都會流失鐵質（約1至2毫克），女性月經令流失量增加。理論上，只要每天從飲食吸收1至2毫克鐵質，可以平衡損失。但當體內的鐵質入不敷支，就會出問題。」他說。<\/p>\n

失血是導致鐵質流失的主要原因，可分為急性和慢性。李卓廣舉例：「一個中年男性，因為腸胃潰瘍導致急性內出血，家中暈倒。一個成人急性失血1至1.5公升，他的血紅素會急降3至4度，情况危險。至於慢性出血，可以是腸胃出血、腎病，甚至癌症。」他又強調，女性周期性的流失，影響可以很大。每月來經，女性失血約100毫升，血紅素下跌約0.5度。如果不能夠補充足夠鐵質，體內鐵質的儲備就會逐漸下降。持續一段時間，血紅素可以跌至5、6度。<\/p>\n

貧血無關肥瘦　須揪出黑手<\/p>\n

家庭醫生鄭志文說：「每年都會遇到一至兩個嚴重貧血的病人。最近一位稍為肥胖的女病人求診，臉色蒼白，檢查她的眼底發現十分蒼白，立即替她緊急驗血，結果血色素只有5度。我馬上召救護車把她送院治理。」李補充：「對於周期性失血，女性習以為常；因為慢性流失，沒有多加留意。不論肥瘦，同樣可以出現慢性貧血現象。」<\/p>\n

如果懷疑貧血，病人前往家庭醫生求助，家庭醫生又會怎樣處理？<\/p>\n

「當懷疑是貧血，除了臨牀檢查，還要詳細問診，探討病人有否出血現象？近期有否做過腸胃手術？因應病人資料考慮各種情况，如：營養不良、遺傳疾病、腎病、痔瘡，甚至癌症。鄭志文指出，家庭醫生不能單靠「篤手指」驗血紅素，而是替病人抽血詳細化驗，檢查血色素、紅血球數目、血球容積、血紅素濃度等，以至顯微鏡血液檢查、鐵質量、腎功能等。了解貧血程度及找出原因，才考慮治療方案。<\/p>\n

採訪：鄭寶華、勞耀全<\/p>\n

文：麥穎姿<\/p>\n

圖：黃志東、資料圖片<\/p>\n

編輯：林信君<\/p>\n

■有片睇<\/p>\n

想現場直擊家庭醫生睇醫生，可登入 www.mingpaohealth.com\/doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201702\/HET20170223_03.mp4咖啡、茶導致貧血;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201702\/HET20170223_04.mp4補鐵＝補血？先查病因;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201702\/HET20170223_05.mp4補鐵食物;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201702\/HET20170223_06.mp4LIVE足本;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170320\/news\/_20YA009_x.jpg用餐壞習慣——出外用餐，不論是中式酒樓、茶餐廳或快餐店，香港人都習慣伴以中國茶、檸茶、奶茶、咖啡等進餐，這些含單寧酸的飲料，會阻礙鐵質吸收，引致缺鐵性貧血。（圖：資料圖片）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170320\/news\/_20YA012_.jpg血紅素低——捐血前要篤手指檢查血紅素，紅十字會的數據顯示，有13%捐血人士血紅素不足，需要暫緩捐血。（圖：黃志東）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170320\/news\/_20ya101.jpg（圖：黃志東）;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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