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【明報專訊】人生必經生老病死,但當到了自己或家人面對老、病及死的時候,偏偏還是感到難以接受。「生老病死」每天都在你我所生活的社區中發生,我們怎樣能為晚晴病友及其家人建構友善社區呢?<\/p>\n

為供樓長年操勞 腎衰竭才休息<\/p>\n

患有晚期腎衰竭的娣姐與丈夫林伯在香港舊區經營一間遠近馳名的粉麵店已有四十多年,附近老街坊皆為熟客。丈夫負責廚房工作,健談的娣姐就負責招待客人。娣姐一向嗜甜,喜愛品嘗各種中西糕點,年輕時不知節制,早在二十年前被診斷患上糖尿病。林伯一直勸她多休息,不要操勞;但她為了盡早把舖位及自住單位的按揭供斷,依舊親力親為協助丈夫,每日最少工作八小時。<\/p>\n

六年前,林氏一家終於贖回物業,但娣姐卻出現日漸消瘦、下肢水腫及疲倦的問題,起初以為只因休息不足,後來卻出現心絞痛及尿液變濃。檢查腎功能指數,發現腎功能只剩下百分之二十,診斷患上腎衰竭。從此,娣姐開始洗腎,林伯及兒女也不讓她再回店工作。娣姐因為需要定時接受俗稱「洗肚」的腹膜透析及回醫院覆診,再加上疲倦,間中的氣促,皮膚因四肢水腫變差等原因,漸漸不願出門,甚至連回麵檔探班都不願意,常常獨自留在家中或回醫院。<\/p>\n

病情惡化 心情低落不願出門<\/p>\n

「樓已供完,兒女亦能經營麵檔,換腎也未輪到我,沒什麼需要做了。」娣姐語帶無奈,心情日漸低落,比當初患病時更不願意出門了。缺少運動加上糖尿病,她的下肢開始出現神經損壞及潰爛。一年前回醫院覆診時,需要用輪椅。挑戰一浪接一浪,醫生告知娣姐其殘餘腎功能指數已經不足百分之八,屬於晚期腎衰竭;單是洗肚不足以清理身體毒素,需要比以前更頻繁地往返醫院「洗血」(血液透析)。而且透析的效果會愈來愈不顯著,可能需要入住護老院甚至醫院,接受護理照顧。娣姐聽後,禁不住留下兩行眼淚,愈想愈覺得自己沒用,成為了家人的負累。她對丈夫說﹕「早知如此,我寧願在把家和店舖贖回來的那天死去,至少可以笑着走。」<\/p>\n

街坊幫忙 改建門口方便出入<\/p>\n

後來,娣姐及林伯被轉介到賽馬會安寧頌計劃的社區安寧服務。負責的社工首次與他們見面時,先稍微安撫林伯及娣姐,交談後得知,原來林伯退休後,一直都想多陪太太到外面走走。夫妻以前都把時間奉獻給麵店及照顧兒女,莫說出國旅行,連回鄉的次數也不多。娣姐懊悔當初留在家中不做運動,現時身體轉差,想去也難了。安寧服務團隊於是教導娣姐及林伯做簡單的熱身體操,通過活動肌肉減少疲倦感及水腫。社工也鼓勵林伯帶太太到附近公園及香港的大自然景點,接觸新鮮事物,舒展身心。趁着娣姐洗腎的時間,社工更為她進行了生命回顧,讓她從自己生命的故事中尋找人生意義及價值。就在此時,娣姐向家人提出想回麵店看看。<\/p>\n

娣姐的家樓下及麵店的門口有兩層階梯,坐輪椅的她需家人扶抱才能順利出門,回到麵店。望着熟悉的光景,她眼泛淚光,想起自己大半的人生都在這裏度過。這天,林伯及兒女召集了熟客及老街坊們一起探望娣姐。做裝修師傅的老街坊主動提出,協助改造門口的階梯,方便娣姐出入;娣姐的好朋友也專程去買了西餅,讓她嘗嘗久違的味道。眾人聚首閒談,歡樂的氣氛使娣姐非常感動。娣姐第一次意識到原來有這麼多人關心自己,她的生活頓時變得積極起來﹕每天勤做體操,閒時與家人去香港各處看風景,也定期回麵店坐坐,與老朋友閒話家常。後來,林伯更和娣姐約好,過身後要把他們和街坊熟客的大合照放在麵店中,作為紀念。<\/p>\n

社區支援 問候、照應「人情」無價<\/p>\n

對晚期病患者來說,醫療上的照顧固然重要,但心理、社交、靈性方面的關懷可能更重要。患者大多數時間仍然生活在社區,假如缺乏與鄰里及社區的連繫,少不免會感到苦悶及孤獨。疾病護理當然需要專業知識,但社區對晚期病患者的支援,很多時只是一份「人情」便足夠。例如社區設施可以減少行動不便者生活上遇到的障礙,鄰居問候和照應可以增進晚期病患者與社區的連繫,為他們的生活帶來一點樂趣,留下屬於他們的故事。<\/p>\n

晚期病患者一邊面對威脅「生存」的疾病,一邊也在「生活」。來自熟悉的人及地方的關心,能令他們感到自己沒有被拋棄,也能提升生活質素;家人也能有傾訴、分享、歇息的機會。賽馬會安寧頌計劃旨在締造一個關懷晚晴的社區,希望居住其中的人能夠「心安家寧」。<\/p>\n

文:陳嘉臻(香港大學社會科學學院「賽馬會安寧頌」項目主任)<\/p>\n

編輯:梁小玲<\/p>\n

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