{"id":4693,"date":"2017-05-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-07T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/?guid=496fde1aaa49f322db818a2996d75716"},"modified":"2018-08-21T12:33:55","modified_gmt":"2018-08-21T04:33:55","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e9%86%ab%e7%b2%be%e8%aa%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%8d%84%e4%b8%ad%e8%a1%8c%e9%86%ab%e7%9a%84%e6%b8%af%e5%a4%a7%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e9%99%a2%e9%99%a2%e9%95%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/%e5%a4%a7%e9%86%ab%e7%b2%be%e8%aa%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%8d%84%e4%b8%ad%e8%a1%8c%e9%86%ab%e7%9a%84%e6%b8%af%e5%a4%a7%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e9%99%a2%e9%99%a2%e9%95%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u91ab\u7cbe\u8aa0\uff1a\u7344\u4e2d\u884c\u91ab\u7684\u6e2f\u5927\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u660e\u5831\u5c08\u8a0a\u3011\u524d\u6587\u6558\u53ca\u83ef\u4eba\u897f\u91ab\u66f8\u9662\u521d\u671f\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u5927\u91ab\u53ca\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u76f4\u81f31911\u5e74\u6e2f\u5927\u5efa\u6821\uff0c\u4eba\u624b\u5331\u4e4f\uff0c\u8cc7\u91d1\u7dca\u7d40\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u4f9d\u7136\u5982\u6545\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6559\u54e1\u4ecd\u662f\u517c\u8077\ufe55\u6216\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u57f7\u696d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u8077\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u5f88\u96e3\u7a31\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u4eba\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u9662\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u9662\u9577\u72c4\u6bd4\uff08Kenelm Hutchinson Digby\uff09\u30021915\u5e74\u4ed6\u5e74\u65b931\u6b72\u51fa\u4efb\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b46\u8005\u51fa\u4efb\u6b64\u8077\u664240\u6b72\uff0c\u53ea\u7b97\u662f\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u8f15\u300d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5247\u662f\u73fe\u4efb\u91ab\u7ba1\u5c40\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6881\u667a\u4ec1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7576\u664241\u6b72\u3002<\/p>\n

31\u6b72\u9662\u9577 \u653e\u68c4\u9326\u7e61\u524d\u7a0b\u4f86\u6e2f\u62d3\u8352<\/p>\n

\u72c4\u6bd4\u65e9\u5728\u502b\u6566\u84cb\u4f0a\u91ab\u9662\uff08Guy’s Hospital\uff09\u53d7\u8a13\u671f\u9593\u5df2\u662f\u7372\u734e\u512a\u7570\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u7372\u6388\u7687\u5bb6\u5916\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u524d\u7a0b\u9326\u7e61\uff0c\u537b\u61c9\u6e2f\u5927\u9080\u8acb\u64d4\u4efb\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4f86\u6e2f\u300c\u62d3\u8352\u300d\u3002\u9019\u6642\u671f\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u885b\u751f\u72c0\u51b5\u582a\u7a31\u60e1\u52a3\uff0c\u7d50\u6838\u75c5\u3001\u7627\u75be\u3001\u8173\u6c23\u75c5\uff08beriberi\uff09\u7b49\u9ad8\u767c\uff0c\u53c8\u503c\u6e05\u671d\u8986\u6ec5\uff0c\u6642\u5c40\u52d5\u76ea\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u96e3\u6c11\u4f86\u6e2f\uff0c1914\u5e74\u6574\u9ad4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6bd41899\u5e74\u9084\u9ad8\uff0c\u9054\u5343\u5206\u4e4b23.34\uff08\u5c0d\u6bd42016\u5e74\u76846.4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

1913\u5e74\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u9662\u525b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u8584\u6276\u6797\u9053\u6821\u5712\u897f\u908a\u76e1\u982d\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u70ba\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u5c08\u7528\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6a13\uff0c\u7531\u72c4\u6bd4\u96bb\u8eab\u64d4\u8d77\u6574\u500b\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u884c\u653f\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u8077\u52d9\u30021915\u81f31918\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u5168\u8077\u6559\u6388\ufe55\u8eab\u517c\u89e3\u5256\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u72c4\u6bd4\uff0c\u63a5\u4efb\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388Greer Edmund Malcomson\u7684Herbert. G. Earle\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u6559\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u738b\u5bf5\u76ca\u3002\u9019\u5e7e\u5e74\u9593\u6e2f\u5927\u7015\u81e8\u7834\u7522\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u624b\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u72c4\u6bd4\u66fe\u4e09\u5ea6\u64d4\u4efb\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u8077\u52d9\u4e00\u76f4\u7531\u6559\u6388\u8f2a\u6d41\u517c\u4efb\uff0c\u5168\u8077\u57f7\u884c\u9662\u9577\u5236\uff08executive deanship\uff09\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f2004\u5e74\u624d\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u72c4\u6bd4\u591a\u6b21\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff08Rockefeller Foundation\uff09\u7684\u4e2d\u83ef\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\uff08China Medical Board\uff09\uff0c\u6975\u529b\u6e38\u8aaa\u8a2d\u7acb\u5167\u3001\u5916\u548c\u5a66\u7522\u79d1\u4e09\u500b\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u5e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u978f\u56fa\u6838\u5fc3\u81e8\u7240\u79d1\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6559\u5b78\u7d93\u8cbb\u4e00\u76f4\u6349\u895f\u898b\u8098\uff0c\u9051\u8ad6\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7e41\u91cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u72c4\u6bd4\u4f9d\u7136\u6210\u529f\u65bc1919\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u8457\u4f5cImmunity in Health\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u6241\u6843\u9ad4\uff08tonsils\uff09\u548c\u95cc\u5c3e\uff08vermiform appendix\uff09\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u9818\u5148\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9060\u898b\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u6210\u5c31\u9084\u70ba\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u9aa8\u79d1\u6cbb\u7642\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u5247\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u529b\u52a9\u738b\u5bf5\u76ca\u7c4c\u6b3e\u51fa\u7248\u6559\u79d1\u66f8A Handbook of Pathology\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u7f85\u65ed\u9fa2\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir Robert Kotewall\uff09\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u4f4d\u83ef\u5546\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9019\u672c500\u591a\u9801\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6700\u7d42\u5728\u502b\u6566\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u591a\u6240\u5927\u5b78\u63a1\u7528\u3002\u7f85\u65ed\u9fa2\u7235\u58eb\u4e4b\u5b6b\u4e5f\u662f\u6e2f\u5927\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u7562\u696d\u751f\uff0c\u73fe\u70ba\u746a\u9e97\u91ab\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u99d0\u9662\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5426\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u798f\u6fa4\u5728\u51a5\u51a5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u72c4\u6bd4\u501f\u9451\u84cb\u4f0a\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u5b78\u751f\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d89\u7375\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u52c7\u65bc\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u7acb\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\uff08The University of Hong Kong Medical Society\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u8a2d\u6cd5\u7c4c\u6b3e\u6210\u7acb\u734e\u9805\uff0c\u4e26\u5354\u52a9\u91ab\u79d1\u751f\u5275\u8fa6\u6703\u520aCaduceus\uff0c\u5373\u4eca\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u671f\u520a\u524d\u8eab\u30021920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u751f\u4e0d\u53ca\u767e\u4eba\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u81ea\u5916\u5730\uff0c\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8d85\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\uff0c\u72c4\u6bd4\u8207\u592b\u4eba\u5e38\u8209\u8fa6\u805a\u6703\uff0c\u5176\u89aa\u5207\u6c23\u6c1b\u4ee4\u4eba\u500d\u6709\u6b78\u5c6c\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u6df1\u53d7\u555f\u8fea\uff0c\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\u4ecd\u52aa\u529b\u947d\u7814\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u91ab\u8853\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5373\u65e5\u5f8c\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u8056\u624b\u738b\u6e90\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u4f54\u6642\u88ab\u56da \u7262\u4e2d\u958b\u6821\u52d9\u6703\u8b70<\/p>\n

\u4f461941\u5e7412\u6708\u9999\u6e2f\u88ab\u653b\u4f54\uff0c\u6253\u65b7\u4e86\u9019\u80fc\u624b\u80dd\u8db3\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u65e5\u8ecd\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u72c4\u6bd4\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u65b7\u7136\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u5be7\u9858\u88ab\u56da\u8d64\u67f1\u62d8\u7559\u71df\u3002\u71df\u5167\u4eba\u6578\u591a\u9054\u4e09\u5343\uff0c\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u5341\u5206\u7316\u7357\uff0c\u5e78\u6709\u72c4\u6bd4\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u81ea\u767c\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5728\u7c21\u964b\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u91ab\u9662\u53ca\u624b\u8853\u5ba4\uff0c\u624d\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u50b7\u4ea1\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u4e00\u73ed\u6e2f\u5927\u540c\u4e8b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u5b9a\u671f\u5728\u71df\u5167\u53ec\u958b\u6821\u52d9\u6703\u8b70\uff0c\u70ba\u6230\u5f8c\u6e2f\u5927\u5fa9\u8ab2\u4f5c\u6e96\u5099\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u93ae\u975c\u548c\u52c7\u6c23\u70ba\u5468\u906d\u7684\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0d\u514d\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u76ee\u7779\u773e\u591a\u89aa\u53cb\u7684\u50b7\u4ea1\u548c\u96e2\u5225\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d66\u4ed6\u7cbe\u795e\u91cd\u5275\uff0c\u6230\u5f8c\u4ed6\u9ad4\u529b\u8870\u6e1b\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u544a\u5225\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d85\u904e\u5345\u5e74\u7684\u6e2f\u5927\uff0c\u56de\u570b\u5f8c\u4ed6\u9084\u4e0d\u65b7\u5beb\u4fe1\u5411\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u7533\u8acb\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6e2f\u5927\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e2f\u5927\u5916\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\u65bc\u72c4\u6bd4\u901d\u4e16\u7fcc\u5e74\u8a2d\u7acb\u72c4\u6bd4\u7d00\u5ff5\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u53c8\u65bc1969\u5e74\u958b\u8a2d\u72c4\u6bd4\u7d00\u5ff5\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff0c\u6b77\u5e74\u9080\u8acb\u5404\u754c\u5178\u7bc4\u4eba\u7269\u8b6c\u5982\u65b9\u5fc3\u8b93\u3001\u912d\u6d77\u6cc9\u3001\u76db\u667a\u6587\u3001\u9673\u5fb7\u9716\u3001\u5e55\u5167\u96c5\u654f\uff08Masatoshi Makuuchi\uff09\u7b49\u4e3b\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e43\u5168\u57ce\u5e74\u5ea6\u76db\u4e8b\u3002\u5148\u8ce2\u7684\u8eab\u6559\u662f\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u6700\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u5927\u91ab\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ec1\u5fc3\u4ec1\u8853\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5fe0\u8aa0\u2014\u2014\u7121\u8ad6\u8eab\u5728\u4f55\u65b9\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u9806\u9006\uff0c\u76e1\u5fc3\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8077\u8cac\uff0c\u5fe0\u65bc\u91ab\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\uff1a\u6881\u5353\u5049\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\uff09\u3001\u5510\u660e\uff08\u7279\u7d04\u4f5c\u8005\uff09<\/p>\n

\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/04.jpg;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】前文敘及華人西醫書院初期的四位大醫及困境，其實直至1911年港大建校，人手匱乏，資金緊絀的局面依然如故，大多數教員仍是兼職﹕或有私人執業，或者任職政府，醫學院很難稱得上是學術機構，直至一批新人到來，才逐漸建立起高等教育的標準，其中包括學院史上最年輕的院長狄比（Kenelm Hutchinson Digby）。1915年他年方31歲出任院長，因此筆者出任此職時40歲，只算是「第二年輕」，第三位則是現任醫管局主席梁智仁，他當時41歲。<\/p>\n

31歲院長 放棄錦繡前程來港拓荒<\/p>\n

狄比早在倫敦蓋伊醫院（Guy’s Hospital）受訓期間已是獲獎優異生，並獲授皇家外科學院院士，前程錦繡，卻應港大邀請擔任解剖學教授，來港「拓荒」。這時期香港的衛生狀况堪稱惡劣，結核病、瘧疾、腳氣病（beriberi）等高發，又值清朝覆滅，時局動盪，大量難民來港，1914年整體死亡率比1899年還高，達千分之23.34（對比2016年的6.4）。<\/p>\n

1913年解剖學院剛成立，位於薄扶林道校園西邊盡頭，是第一座為醫學院專用的教學樓，由狄比隻身擔起整個部門的教學、行政、發展等多重職務。1915至1918年間，醫學院只有三位全職教授﹕身兼解剖和外科學系的狄比，接任生理學教授Greer Edmund Malcomson的Herbert. G. Earle，以及任教新成立的病理學系的王寵益。這幾年間港大瀕臨破產，由於人手極為有限，狄比曾三度擔任醫學院院長，事實上這個職務一直由教授輪流兼任，全職執行院長制（executive deanship）其實只是2004年才開始。狄比多次寫信給洛克菲勒基金會（Rockefeller Foundation）的中華醫學會（China Medical Board），極力游說設立內、外和婦產科三個講座教授席，為醫學院鞏固核心臨牀科目。<\/p>\n

教學經費一直捉襟見肘，遑論學術研究，但在繁重工作之餘，狄比依然成功於1919年出版著作Immunity in Health，專門研究扁桃體（tonsils）和闌尾（vermiform appendix）的功能，具領先時代的遠見；他的外科成就還為日後的骨科治療提供了原則和技巧基礎。他又力助王寵益籌款出版教科書A Handbook of Pathology，取得羅旭龢爵士（Sir Robert Kotewall）和另外兩位華商的支持，這本500多頁的作品最終在倫敦出版，並且為英國多所大學採用。羅旭龢爵士之孫也是港大醫學院畢業生，現為瑪麗醫院外科駐院醫生，這是否前人的福澤在冥冥中得到的回應？<\/p>\n

狄比借鑑蓋伊醫院的親身經驗，鼓勵學生廣泛涉獵其他知識領域，獨立思考，勇於表達，組織成立醫學會（The University of Hong Kong Medical Society），又設法籌款成立獎項，並協助醫科生創辦會刊Caduceus，即今學生會醫學會期刊前身。1920年代初，醫學生不及百人，許多來自外地，教職員也不超過二十，狄比與夫人常舉辦聚會，其親切氣氛令人倍有歸屬感。他的許多學生深受啟迪，畢業後仍努力鑽研和創新醫術，其中一位即日後的外科聖手王源美。<\/p>\n

日佔時被囚 牢中開校務會議<\/p>\n

但1941年12月香港被攻佔，打斷了這胼手胝足建立的一切，日軍曾表示可以給狄比自由，條件是他必須合作，但他斷然拒絕，寧願被囚赤柱拘留營。營內人數多達三千，傳染病十分猖獗，幸有狄比和一些醫護人員自發行動，在簡陋的條件下成立醫院及手術室，才避免了更多傷亡。雖然失去自由，他與一班港大同事並沒有失去信心，依然定期在營內召開校務會議，為戰後港大復課作準備。<\/p>\n

雖然他的鎮靜和勇氣為周遭的人帶來鼓舞，但他自己的健康不免受損，目睹眾多親友的傷亡和離別，也給他精神重創，戰後他體力衰減，只得告別工作超過卅年的港大，回國後他還不斷寫信向英國政府申請援助，幫助港大重建。<\/p>\n

港大外科學系於狄比逝世翌年設立狄比紀念基金，又於1969年開設狄比紀念講座，歷年邀請各界典範人物譬如方心讓、鄭海泉、盛智文、陳德霖、幕內雅敏（Masatoshi Makuuchi）等主講，乃全城年度盛事。先賢的身教是醫學院最深厚的傳統之一，所謂大醫，除了仁心仁術，還有忠誠——無論身在何方，人生順逆，盡心教育的職責，忠於醫者的使命。<\/p>\n

文：梁卓偉（香港大學醫學院院長）、唐明（特約作者）<\/p>\n

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