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https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201704\/HET20170406_01.mp4\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u907a\u50b3\u75c5\uff1f;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201704\/HET20170406_02.mp4\u57fa\u56e0\u8207\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u6709\u4f55\u5206\u5225\uff1f;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201704\/HET20170406_03.mp4\u9999\u6e2f\u5e38\u898b\u907a\u50b3\u75c5;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201704\/HET20170406_04.mp4\u8fd1\u89aa\u901a\u5a5a \u61f7\u5b55\u524d\u6aa2\u67e5\u57fa\u56e0;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201704\/HET20170406_05.mp4\u7d05\u7da0\u8272\u76f2 X\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u4f5c\u602a;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170508\/news\/_08ya101.jpg\uff08\u5716\uff1a\u9ec3\u5fd7\u6771\uff09;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】唐氏綜合症、地中海貧血症、G6PD缺乏症(俗稱蠶豆症),都是大家熟悉的遺傳病。但遺傳病不限於與生俱來的疾病,大部分後天疾病如殺人無數的癌症、心血管病及糖尿病等,全部與遺傳基因有關。現在醫生會以遺傳學的方式,追蹤疾病起源,希望藉此減低影響甚至預防病症發生。<\/p>\n

30多歲的黃先生,年紀輕輕便患上大腸癌,幸好接受治療後康復。與家人談及患病時,驚覺自己不是家族中第一人有此情况,他的媽媽也在40多歲時患上大腸癌,屬近親的表兄亦在近年證實患大腸癌。<\/p>\n

黃先生為家族的隱病感到疑惑及憂慮,擔心全家人都有遺傳性大腸癌,於是希望遺傳科能夠找出原因,當醫生了解其家族病史後,建議他與家人做基因測試,結果真的發現相關遺傳基因。<\/p>\n

早發大腸癌 揭家族遺傳隱病<\/p>\n

養和醫院醫學遺傳科主任林德深指出,當某些疾病出現異常的發病,例如一般大腸癌在60、70歲出現,若在30、40歲病發的個案便比較「唔正常」,尤其是近親家族中不止一宗病例,更要小心,有可能是遺傳基因導致疾病一代傳一代。<\/p>\n

他稱,遺傳性大腸癌在臨牀上並不少見,而乳腺癌同樣有遺傳情况,一旦發現有此情况,可採取一系列預防措施,如更早或更頻密檢查,及早發現和治療病變,並透過計劃生育早作預防。<\/p>\n

癌症、糖尿、心血管病全關基因事<\/p>\n

很多人以為一出生便出現的先天性疾病,才是遺傳病,其實不然,人類的疾病不少都是從遺傳得來,再加上後天的誘發因素而發病。<\/p>\n

林德深指出,每個人都是由精子與卵子結合成胎兒,所以父母的基因在胚胎形成時已經遺傳下來,包括變異的基因,若在胎兒出生前已經引起病變便是先天性疾病,到嬰兒出生後才出現便是後天性疾病,但也與遺傳基因有關,最常見由基因引發的後天疾病就是癌症。<\/p>\n

他續稱,心血管疾病及糖尿病亦是遺傳基因和後天環境因素配合而病發。因此,現在學者希望從遺傳基因着手,目的是達到防病的效果。他指出,若家族有相關病史,成員的患病率會相對較高,建議及早改善生活習慣,以減低發病風險。<\/p>\n

擴應用範圍 不再局限查罕見病<\/p>\n

至於先天的遺傳病,有些純是染色體問題,如第21對染色體多了1條的唐氏綜合症;亦有些是單基因引起,如地中海貧血症及蠶豆症等,幸好現時可透過婚前檢查及產前檢查等發現,減低病發率或相關併發症。<\/p>\n

林德深說,遺傳學過去集中追查罕見及不常見的遺傳病,但隨着偵查工具愈來愈發達,一些尋常病症也可透過遺傳學及早發現。<\/p>\n

他稱,基因檢測的應用範圍愈來愈廣,例如利用外顯子組排序(exome sequencing)可分析一個人的所有基因,相信技術會繼續發展和普及,日後可能會成為健康檢查的一個工具,幫助預防各種疾病。<\/p>\n

採訪:勞耀全<\/p>\n

文:張意宇<\/p>\n

圖:黃志東、資料圖片<\/p>\n

編輯:林信君<\/p>\n

■有片睇<\/p>\n

想現場直擊家庭醫生睇醫生,可登入 www.mingpaohealth.com\/doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

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