\u3010\u809d\u708e\u8207\u809d\u764c\u3011\u5f35\u656c\u8ed2\u4e5f\u4e2d\u62db \u98df\u5b8c\u5514\u90c1 \u7626\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8102\u80aa\u809d<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"【明報專訊】40多歲的劉先生是乙型肝炎帶菌者,但一直沒有做任何乙肝相關檢查,數年前突然爆發急性肝炎,出現急性肝衰竭。<\/p>\n
起初他因為腹瀉等腸胃問題看醫生,之後回家服藥,當晚便發現雙腳浮腫,原先以為是藥物問題,翌日再向醫生求助,經診斷後,才知道肝炎病毒一直在攻擊肝臟,引起肝硬化。劉先生當時難以接受﹕「我平時身體幾好,又做開運動,人家話我黃面,我又唔係好覺,話我塊面黑,我都以為係曬黑。行得走得毫無病徵。」<\/p>\n
劉先生要入院治療外,連本來準備了下星期去德國交流的兒子,亦要取消行程,留港預備隨時捐肝給爸爸。幸劉生病情後來受控,最後毋須換肝。<\/p>\n
導致肝衰竭的成因有多種,以乙型肝炎引起的個案較常見,腸胃肝臟專科醫生梁慧儀指出﹕「急性肝衰竭可以由急性肝炎引起;但本身有慢性乙型肝炎的患者亦可能出現急性爆發,導致急性肝衰竭。」<\/p>\n
乙肝病徵似感冒 易被忽視<\/p>\n
慢性乙型肝炎帶菌者,大多在幼年時受感染,當時免疫系統未成熟,沒察覺有病毒入侵,未做出發炎等的相應防護,讓病毒潛伏體內。直到免疫系統成熟後,留意到有病毒出現,便開啟清除病毒的功能,過程中會引致肝炎。梁慧儀補充﹕「免疫系統是身體的防護兵,系統隨年齡成熟,功能強化後,發現肝臟有大量病毒時,便會打場大仗,消滅存在細胞內的病毒;但與此同時亦會波及肝臟細胞,影響肝臟功能。」就算免疫系統成功抑制病毒,之後病毒也有可能再度活躍,肝臟需要連場大戰。<\/p>\n
一旦病情演變成嚴重的急性肝衰竭,換肝是唯一的治療方法。梁醫生說﹕「乙型肝炎病徵包括疲倦、作嘔作悶及黃疸,不少人均錯把徵狀誤當為感冒,通常病人出現黃疸才求醫,其時可能已患有肝炎數星期,就算用藥亦未必有效。」正因病徵不明顯,定期檢查便非常重要。<\/p>\n
數百元抽血檢查 評估病毒活躍度<\/p>\n
為了可及早治療,帶菌者要定期接受HBV DNA檢查,了解體內的病毒量,病毒愈多代表愈活躍。此檢驗擔當一個很重要的評估角色,讓醫生部署進一步的治療。檢查過程不複雜,只需抽血,費用約300至500元不等。梁強調乙型肝炎可引起嚴重後患,平均每四個慢性乙型肝炎患者,便有一個因肝硬化或肝癌而早逝。因此,她建議帶菌者定期接受乙肝病毒DNA檢測,多久才驗一次,則視乎病毒的活躍度。<\/p>\n
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