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\u7d66\u8eab\u908a\u4eba<\/p>\n

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2. \u4e0d\u7528\u70ba\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u904e\u5206\u5206\u6790\u6848\u60c5\u53ca\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u5176\u8eab\u908a\u652f\u6301\u53ca\u966a\u4f34\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bcb\u9808\u523b\u610f\u66ff\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u5404\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u61c9\u8b93\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u96a8\u5fc3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u8996\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u7dd2 \u52ff\u7cfe\u7d50\u904e\u932f<\/p>\n

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1. \u8981\u660e\u767d\u53ca\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u9a5a\u60f6\u7b49\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u7dd2\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5e38\u60c5\uff0c\u5225\u6028\u6068\u6216\u8a0e\u53ad\u81ea\u5df1\u7522\u751f\u9019\u4e9b\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u66f4\u5225\u8a55\u8ad6\u300c\u662f\u5426\u6211\u7684\u932f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

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3. \u5411\u4fe1\u8cf4\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u50be\u8a34\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u9700\u8981\u61c9\u5411\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u6c42\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7db2\u5740\ufe55www.rainlily.org.hk<\/a><\/p>\n

\u25a0\u56f0\uecd415\u5206\u9418 \u5275\u50b7\u5927\u534a\u5e74<\/p>\n

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https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22YD004_.jpg\u8d70\u51fa\u9670\u973e\u2014\u2014\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8981\u8d70\u51fa\u9670\u973e\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u908a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8207\u9f13\u52f5\u3002\uff08\u5716\uff1aLBatelier@iStockphoto\uff09;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22YD002_.jpg\u738b\u79c0\u5bb9\uff08\u5716\uff1a\u9ec3\u5fd7\u6771\uff09;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22yd101.jpg\u300c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5225\u518d\u7051\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u5716\uff1a\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22YD001_.jpg\u4f55\u6d69\u8ce2\uff08\u5716\uff1a\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22yd102.jpg;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】近日香港內外接連有多宗轟動性暴力事件，九龍灣22歲女搶姦案，還有台灣女作家懷疑被誘姦含怨自殺，每個受害人也承受難以磨滅的傷痛，或出現創傷後遺症。<\/p>\n

她們要走出陰霾，本非易事；再加上外間評論，更會令她們感到自責，造成「二度創傷」，猶如在傷口上灑鹽。如何避免造成二度創傷？怎樣幫助受害人走出陰霾？<\/p>\n

根據世界衛生組織指出，任何行為、語言及態度上令人感到在性方面受到冒犯，讓人感到恐懼、受威脅或羞辱，已構成性暴力。風雨蘭總幹事王秀容表示，性暴力受害人除身體受傷，亦會有恐懼、憤怒及自尊心受創，不少更有創傷後遺症，會重複夢見或聯想到相關經歷、面對相似的環境，以及出現強烈心理反應，如緊張、難以集中精神及失眠等。<\/p>\n

被熟人施暴 創傷程度相對嚴重<\/p>\n

但並非所有性暴力事件也會令受害人有創傷後遺症，王秀容表示會因應案件嚴重性、持續性及侵犯者的身分，導致不同程度的創傷。如果是受到相識或信賴的人的傷害，創傷程度會相對嚴重，亦令受害人日後難以與人建立信任的關係。根據風雨蘭近三年的服務數字顯示，在610名不同類別的性暴力受害人，約八成受害人與侵犯者相識。<\/p>\n

王秀容說，受害人若與侵犯者相識，所引致的創傷後遺症亦較複雜。曾經有女生被老師侵犯後，對方被判刑，前途盡毁，但最後受害人反而表現自責，「受害人若與侵犯者認識，有感情瓜葛，創傷亦帶有複雜情緒。很多時只想對方承認錯誤，並非想將趕對方入絕路。但最重要是讓受害人明白錯的不是她」。<\/p>\n

另外，有很多女性被強姦後也不敢報警。2016年，風雨蘭接獲163個強姦受害人求助，但警方數字則只有71個。王秀容指出很多女士選擇啞忍，有時是受到侵犯者的威嚇，例如「講出來就殺了你」；亦有些受害者被親人侵犯，向母親求助卻不被理會，王說﹕「其實父母都可能不懂處理，讓受害人感到『媽媽都不保護我』，求助無門後，最後唯有啞忍。」<\/p>\n

就算肯勇敢面對，亦要承受很多壓力。曾經有名19歲少女，被陌生人強姦後，雖然成功入罪，但要出庭指證，令其身心再次受創。出庭前的數月，少女已緊張得失眠、暴躁、難以集中精神等；加上當時受害人需要公開出庭，在犯人及犯人家屬前複述案情，亦被問及個人的性歷史如「有幾多個男友？」、「有無墮胎？」，受害少女認為這些與案件無關，覺得「為何要審我」，導致壓力很大，非常憤怒。縱使犯人被判有罪，但少女仍難以承受傷痛，最後服安眠藥自殺；幸及時被家人發現，送院治理，其後再次接受輔導，逐漸好轉。<\/p>\n

社會輿論易變傷口灑鹽<\/p>\n

不過，最令受害人擔心，其實是周遭人的反應，「社會輿論不時將責任放在受害人身上，例如說『點解咁唔小心！』、『夜晚仲出街？』、『點解要出街玩？』，似乎把責任歸咎受害人。這會對受害人造成二度創傷，如傷口上灑鹽，加深她們的傷痛，更難走出陰霾」。王秀容解釋，其實好多受害人，希望外間明白錯的是對方，不是自己。曾經有受害人畫了一幅畫，畫中有一個少女，用細小的雨傘擋住頭上的鹽樽灑下來的鹽，更寫上「可以別再灑嗎？」。<\/p>\n

有時親友的「安慰」也足以造成更大傷害。曾有受害人由於在事件發生後兩三個月仍情緒低落，被親友「勸喻」﹕「事件已過了一段時間，算了吧」，令她們感到自己仍未回復心情，好像犯錯的是自己，更感難過，最後連向身邊人傾訴的勇氣也沒有。久而久之遏抑在心底內，不少人甚至遏抑超過十年，影響身心。王補充﹕「很多時候，受害人日間工作時仍可以控制情緒，但到了夜闌人靜時，自責、驚慌、緊張等傷痛感覺不期然湧現。為了逃避傷痛，有些女生會選擇不停工作來麻醉自己，但也有不少人用酒精及藥物，讓自己抽離現實。」<\/p>\n

■走出陰霾<\/p>\n

給予陪伴支持 勝過追問分析<\/p>\n

精神科專科醫生何浩賢表示，如果不幸遇上重大事故而出現傷痛時，身邊人需要提供支持，有助受害人避免進入創傷後遺症的困局；而受害人的性格如有樂觀態度、正能量及抗壓能力，也會幫助盡快復元。<\/p>\n

給身邊人<\/p>\n

1. 別向受害人問及經歴的情節或細節，避免受害人重新回憶一次；應集中關心當事人的情緒及感受。<\/p>\n

2. 不用為受害人過分分析案情及受害人的情緒，只需在其身邊支持及陪伴等，也毋須刻意替受害人安排各式活動，應讓受害人隨心決定。<\/p>\n

正視負面情緒 勿糾結過錯<\/p>\n

給受害者<\/p>\n

1. 要明白及接受，出現驚惶等負面情緒是人之常情，別怨恨或討厭自己產生這些感覺，更別評論「是否我的錯」。<\/p>\n

2. 選擇一個自己喜歡及容易投入的活動。因腦海會不時閃出受傷害時不快畫面，讓自己投入喜歡的活動內，有助分散注意力。<\/p>\n

3. 向信賴的人士傾訴自己的情緒，如有需要應向專業人士求助。<\/p>\n

■風雨蘭<\/p>\n

風雨蘭為受性暴力傷害的女性提供一站式支援服務，陪伴她們走向復元。<\/p>\n

熱線﹕2375 5322<\/p>\n

網址﹕www.rainlily.org.hk<\/a><\/p>\n

■困15分鐘 創傷大半年<\/p>\n

「任何人以第一身感受，生命受威脅的經歷、意外及暴力後，也有可能患上創傷後遺症。」精神科專科醫生何浩賢表示，患者會發噩夢，經常閃現與經歷相關的畫面，甚至逃避類似的人、事情及地點，情緒亦出現轉變，表現焦慮、緊張、易驚及抑鬱，甚至影響睡眠。此外，受害者的價值觀、人生觀及自我價值也會改變，覺得自己不完整或怪罪自己等。這些徵狀持續逾一個月，便屬創傷後遺症。<\/p>\n

導致患創傷後遺症的經歷，屬個人感受，可以由「911」等這種重大事故，或是目睹別人跳樓等經歷引起危機及不安全感覺。不過眾多原因中，受性暴力而引發的個案亦不少。曾有20多歲已婚女性，在工作期間被一名陌生男子強吻後，患上創傷後遺症，之後不時在腦海內閃現當時的畫面，包括見到對方的嘴唇，非常不安，十分抗拒異性接觸，就算老公觸摸她，也怕得全身抖顫，影響夫婦生活，更出現抑鬱等，需要服藥及心理治療，一年後才痊癒。<\/p>\n

另外，曾有名30多歲的男運輸工人，工作時被困在運貨升降機15分鐘，當時連燈也熄了，在黑暗的環境下十分無助，感到自己隨時會焗死，最後雖被消防員救出，但已造成創傷後遺症，之後再踏入運貨升降機也會感到焦慮不安，直接影響工作，接受治療約大半年。何醫生補充﹕「不可批判質疑當事人怎會出現這些驚慌情緒，只要那一刻感受到威脅，不論時間長短也可成為病因。」<\/p>\n

長時間承受壓力較易患上 <\/p>\n

除了親身經歷，身邊很親密的人出意外，以第一身聽到對方描述或親眼見到對方的經歷，也有可能患上創傷後遺症。長時間承受壓力，如打仗期間的軍人，或有焦慮的人亦較易患上。部分執法人員常到犯罪第一現場，見到不少血腥畫面，長久之下也可能會造成創傷後遺症。<\/p>\n

治療方面，除了可服用血清素改善病情，亦可接受心理治療，如EMDR（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing）及認知行為治療，前者是利用眼球轉動，重整心理及情緒的心理治療；後者主要分析患者的負面情緒及個人情感。<\/p>\n

文：許朝茵<\/p>\n

圖：LBatelier@iStockphoto、黃志東、受訪者提供<\/p>\n

統籌：鄭寶華<\/p>\n

編輯：王翠麗<\/p>\n

https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22YD004_.jpg走出陰霾——性暴力受害者要走出陰霾，並非易事，需要身邊人的支持與鼓勵。（圖：LBatelier@iStockphoto）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22YD002_.jpg王秀容（圖：黃志東）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22yd101.jpg「可以別再灑嗎？」（圖：受訪者提供）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22YD001_.jpg何浩賢（圖：受訪者提供）;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170522\/news\/_22yd102.jpg;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[186,42,145],"class_list":["post-4600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3","tag-186","tag-42","tag-145"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-11-16 19:47:39","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4600"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4600"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4600\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}