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\u6587\uff1a\u8a31\u671d\u8335<\/p>\n

\u5716\uff1aRyanKing999\u3001pressureUA\u3001nehopelon\u3001keira01@iStockphoto<\/p>\n

\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1a\u9ad8\u5353\u6021<\/p>\n

feature@mingpao.com<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170530\/diet\/_30vwz.jpg\u98df\u85e5\u7df4\u808c\u50b7\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u7528\u85e5\u5065\u8eab\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u6108\u7df4\u6108\u50b7\u8eab\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u9069\u7576\u5730\u5438\u6536\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\uff08\u5716\uff1aRyanKing999\u3001pressureUA\u3001nehopelon\u3001keira01@iStockphoto\uff09;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

【明報專訊】潮流興操肌，不論男女，人人都想把大肚腩變成腹肌，將拜拜肉轉化為三頭肌。<\/p>\n

醫院管理局公布，在2010至2016年，本港公立醫院有5至6宗健美男子求醫，涉不當使用藥物增強肌肉，引致中毒入院，部分情况嚴重，需入深切治療部。<\/p>\n

運動本意是為了健康，但有人千方百計想提升表現，亂食激素、去水丸和蛋白粉，結果弄巧成拙。亂服激素有何危險？增肌一定要狂食蛋白質？<\/p>\n

運動員服用禁藥的新聞屢聽不鮮，香港浸會大學體育學系副教授雷雄德指出，如奪1988年漢城（現稱首爾）奧運男子100米冠軍的加拿大選手Ben Johnson、七屆環法單車賽冠軍岩士唐，均捲入禁藥醜聞。國際奧委會於1999年成立世界反運動禁藥機構（WADA），有系統地打擊禁藥。禁藥大致可分為：<\/p>\n

◆「興奮劑」，可刺激交感神經系統，令心跳及呼吸加速等，反應變得較快<\/p>\n

◆「合成代謝類固醇及雄性類固醇」、「生長激素」及「荷爾蒙」，可增強肌肉及骨骼生長<\/p>\n

◆「利尿劑」，可減輕體重外，與禁藥一起服用，更有助把多餘的禁藥成分排出體外<\/p>\n

（更多禁藥資料可參考WADA網站）<\/p>\n

激素快速增肌 心臟難負荷<\/p>\n

這些藥物是有醫學用途，可能會出現副作用。「使用生長激素及雄性類固醇，會令肌肉短時間內脹大，但支持肌肉的系統如筋膜及筋鍵等，並未隨着變強壯，故運動時較易受傷。」長遠而言，對心臟、肝、腎有影響，因為肌肉發達了，需要的血液亦多了，心臟泵血亦要泵多些，而肝和腎負責排毒及過濾毒素等功能，會加重這些器官的負荷，有可能引起衰竭，甚至死亡。1988年贏得奧運百米金牌的女飛人姬菲芙於38歲時猝死，外間揣測可能與服用促合成類固醇有關。服用雄性類固醇，男性會增加患睾丸癌風險，女性會變得男性化，如生鬍鬚及聲音變得低沉。<\/p>\n

利尿劑的後患，輕則流失電解質，導致肌肉疲勞，嚴重可令心臟停頓，「因電解質需要靠水分，為交感神經系統作傳遞信息，讓系統運作正常，如身體過量流失水分，影響傳遞信息運作致系統失靈」。就算不用藥物，有些增強表現的方法亦被禁用，其中一種是運動員預先把自己血液抽出來，之後再注射回體內來提升血紅素，以增強耐力，雷雄德解釋﹕「回注血液後，血液濃度高了，令血液循環不太流蜴，可引致中風，甚至死亡。」<\/p>\n

「參加比賽的精英運動員，表現其實極之接近，稍勝一點已可改變名次。而且他們的實力已非常高，要再進步也不是易事。因此，不少人鋌而走險，用藥增強表現。」但雷雄德說﹕「亦有不少業餘運動員使用禁藥，尤其是健美運動，健美運動員講求身體的線條，操得大隻自然有成功感；加上並非所有人也認識這些藥物的副作用，見別人食完操得好大隻，自己又跟住食。」在本港參加公開賽，中國香港健美總會規定運動員要作藥檢，主要分為驗尿及驗血，前者可驗出最近3至5天內曾用的藥物，而驗血可測到過去1至2星期內曾用的藥物；驗血對激素檢測的準繩度高，多用於爆發力強的運動上，如田徑。但現時本港主要靠驗尿，未必可以百分百杜絕禁藥。<\/p>\n

紅肌多過白肌 先天難練大隻<\/p>\n

不靠藥物，可以練出一身澎湃肌肉嗎？「相信未必所有人都得，要視乎個人的肌肉比例，身體分有紅肌纖維及白肌纖維，所謂紅長白短，紅肌負責耐力，白肌則是爆發力，如果天生紅肌多過白肌，便較難操上一身肌肉，相反白肌多些，則較易變成肌肉人。」另外，亦要視乎本身的骨架，屬纖瘦型、肥胖型抑或勻稱型（肌肉型），勻稱型的骨架較易練出肌肉線條，運動員普遍也屬這類骨架。<\/p>\n

文：許朝茵<\/p>\n

圖：RyanKing999、pressureUA、nehopelon、keira01@iStockphoto<\/p>\n

編輯：高卓怡<\/p>\n

feature@mingpao.com<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170530\/diet\/_30vwz.jpg食藥練肌傷身——用藥健身，隨時愈練愈傷身，倒不如適當地吸收蛋白質，提升健康。（圖：RyanKing999、pressureUA、nehopelon、keira01@iStockphoto）;<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[134,132,32,133],"class_list":["post-4528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4","tag-134","tag-132","tag-32","tag-133"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-11-22 16:44:53","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4528"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4528\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}