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【明報專訊】上肢筋肌勞損包括近端的網球肘、高爾夫球肘等,以及遠端的拇指腱鞘炎、腕管綜合症。當中以俗稱滑鼠手的腕管綜合症最常見。經常用電腦的上班族,或是經常要扭毛巾、扭地拖的家庭主婦,手腕不斷重複動作,就容易勞損。<\/p>\n

當腕管內的正中神經受壓,拇指、食指、中指和半隻無名指就會出現麻痺;情况嚴重時,拇指肌肉萎縮、喪失功能。<\/p>\n

「腕管位於手腕摺痕之處,由腕橫韌帶和腕骨組成的一個狹窄空間,好像一條隧道。前臂有一條正中神經線,經過腕管,伸延到手掌。當正中神經線受到卡壓,可能引起腕管綜合症。」骨科專科醫生葉永玉說。<\/p>\n

滑鼠手警號:3隻半手指痺<\/p>\n

腕管綜合症的早期徵狀是手指麻痺。正中神經線負責拇指、食指、中指和半邊無名指的感覺神經,一旦受壓,這三隻半手指就會感到麻痺。隨着神經卡壓愈來愈嚴重,活動神經也會受到影響。「如果神經長期受壓,可以導致拇指基部的肌肉(大魚際肌)萎縮;拇指力量減弱,甚至影響拇指的功能。」她說,連拿筷子、扣鈕等也有問題,嚴重影響日常生活。 <\/p>\n

重複動作惹禍 中年女性常見<\/p>\n

腕管綜合症十分常見。大部分都是因為重複及過度使用手腕關節,導致勞損而引起。病人以中年女性居多;主要從事清潔、護理工作,或是家庭主婦。葉永玉解釋﹕「重複的手部或腕部動作(例如:洗滌、擦抹、扭毛巾)導致腕管中的肌腱出現炎症反應。肌腱滑膜腫脹,令到神經受壓。」其他病症也可導致腕管綜合症,包括:甲狀腺功能失調、腎病、類風濕關節炎等。<\/p>\n

針對腕部勞損而引起的腕管綜合症,最重要是生活上的調節。「適當休息,避免手掌和手腕關節過勞。此外,適當和適量的手部伸展運動有助紓緩不適。」因為管內組織發炎令到神經受壓,消炎止痛藥物對於初期的腕管綜合症具有療效。如有需要,醫生也會建議使用手托加強保護,令到手腕關節保持自然放鬆狀態。一般藥物或護具療程,約4至6個星期。<\/p>\n

休息伸展 服藥戴手托紓緩<\/p>\n

若保守治療不理想,或者病情嚴重(拇指肌肉已經萎縮),醫生就會考慮手術治療。由於麻痺是主觀感覺,病人的承受能力各有不同。診斷過程,醫生會替病人做一個神經線傳導檢查。葉永玉比喻:「把身體的神經線看成電線,可以傳電。若在神經線的一點給予微量電流刺激,沿着神經通路,在另一點可以接收電流。」通過電流刺激測試傳導快慢及強弱,可以得知神經線的受壓程度,這個客觀數據,可用作術前評估。<\/p>\n

割韌帶鬆解 即日可出院<\/p>\n

手術治療,分為開放手術和微創手術。目的都是把腕橫韌帶切斷,令到正中神經得到鬆解。「開放式的鬆解手術,醫生會在病人手腕位置開一個刀口(大約一吋),切開皮膚和皮下組織;切斷腕橫韌帶,不會傷及正中神經。至於微創手術,切口較小,放入內窺鏡至腕橫韌帶底部,伸出切刀割斷韌帶。」不過,微創方法要從韌帶底部落刀,有可能碰傷正中神經。而文獻記載兩種方法的長期效果沒有差別。如何選擇,主要視乎病人偏好和需要。<\/p>\n

她補充,一般鬆解手術只需局部麻醉,病人可即日出院。傷口癒合約需兩個星期;其間不宜提舉重物、不能沾水。術後初期,握力較差,但不會影響日常生活。如在工作或運動上需要較強握力,只要透過短期物理治療,可以逐漸恢復。<\/p>\n

「家庭醫生經常都會遇到因為手部麻痺前來求診的病人。手部麻痺不一定是腕管綜合症,還有其他可能性。」家庭醫生鄭志文提出。頸椎退化、臂叢神經受壓,也可以導致上肢麻痺;而由糖尿病併發的周圍神經病變,可以造成指尖麻痺。<\/p>\n

葉永玉回應:「很多年長病人,往往未必單一病症。他們可以腕管勞損,同時頸椎退化,加上糖尿影響神經病變,所以麻痺位置未必典型。醫生需要問及病史和病徵,臨牀檢查,方能準確斷症。」<\/p>\n

採訪:鄭寶華<\/p>\n

文:麥穎姿<\/p>\n

圖:黃志東、資料圖片<\/p>\n

編輯:林信君<\/p>\n

■有片睇<\/p>\n

想現場直擊家庭醫生睇醫生,可登入 www.mingpaohealth.com\/doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201705\/HET20170525_06.mp4拆解手指麻痺;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201705\/HET20170525_07.mp4手術鬆解腕橫韌帶;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201705\/HET20170525_08.mp4解構手腕;https:\/\/video3.mingpao.com\/201705\/HET20170525_09.mp4facebook live足本;https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170612\/news\/_12ya101.jpg虐待手腕——過度使用手腕,或經常重複同一動作,導致長期勞損,就可能出現腕管綜合症。(設計圖片,相中模特兒與本文提及疾病無關。PRImageFactory@iStockphoto);https:\/\/health2.mingpao.com\/ftp\/Health2\/20170612\/news\/_12ya102.jpg測試手腕——屈曲手腕,手指向下,雙手手背用力緊貼(如圖),若手腕感到麻痺,就可能患上腕管綜合症,盡早求醫。(圖:黃志東);<\/inline><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4455,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1476,1163,786,752,785,13,1318,84],"class_list":["post-4457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3","tag-video","tag-1163","tag-786","tag-752","tag-785","tag-13","tag-1318","tag-84"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-11-22 08:36:44","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category"},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4457"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4457\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}