{"id":27622,"date":"2020-07-27T11:18:16","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T03:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/?p=27622"},"modified":"2020-08-19T22:29:55","modified_gmt":"2020-08-19T14:29:55","slug":"%e7%96%91%e7%a5%9e%e7%96%91%e9%ac%bc%e9%a9%9a%e4%b8%ad%e6%8b%9b-%e6%96%b0%e5%86%a0%e4%ba%82%e9%a9%97%e5%81%87%e5%ae%89%e5%bf%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/%e7%96%91%e7%a5%9e%e7%96%91%e9%ac%bc%e9%a9%9a%e4%b8%ad%e6%8b%9b-%e6%96%b0%e5%86%a0%e4%ba%82%e9%a9%97%e5%81%87%e5%ae%89%e5%bf%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u3011\u7591\u795e\u7591\u9b3c\u9a5a\u4e2d\u62db \u65b0\u51a0\u4e82\u9a57\u5047\u5b89\u5fc3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u660e\u5831\u5c08\u8a0a\u3011\u8fd1\u65e5\u6e2f\u5e9c\u516c\u5e03\u7684<a 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u8981\u9a57\u75c5\u6bd2\u55ce\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u75ab\u60c5\u518d\u5ea6\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u6210\u70ba\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u78ba\u8a3a\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u6050\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u96b1\u5f62\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u793e\u5340\u64ad\u6bd2\u3002\u70ba\u6c42\u5b89\u5fc3\uff0c\u61c9\u5426\u53bb\u505a\u75c5\u6bd2\u6e2c\u8a66\uff1f\uff08\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u6a21\u7279\u5152\u8207\u6587\u4e2d\u500b\u6848\u53ca\u75be\u75c5\u7121\u95dc\uff0cThamKC@iStockphoto\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u64d4\u5fc3\u67d3\u75ab \u551e\u5514\u5230\u6c23\u5fc3\u8df3\u5feb<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27625\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27625\" style=\"width: 296px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c309ed3db35d77c6369340e2e319c88.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27625\" 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href=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02.jpg\"><picture><source srcset=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02.webp 800w,\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02-300x200.webp 300w,\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02-150x100.webp 150w,\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02-768x512.webp 768w,\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02-250x167.webp 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img src=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02.jpg\" height=\"533\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30bb87e8c25b1b2133fcc9bcb62a02.jpg 800w, 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u6e2c\u2014\u2014\u5230\u6025\u75c7\u5ba4\u6c42\u8a3a\uff0c\u5982\u51fa\u73fe\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75c5\u5fb5\uff0c\u6703\u5b89\u6392\u505a\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u6e2c\u3002\uff08\u8cc7\u6599\u5716\u7247\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u300c\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u767c\u524d\uff0c\u75c5\u5fb5\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u6c42\u91ab\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\u56e0\u70ba\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u6709\u5169\u8072\u54b3\u3001\u6d41\u9f3b\u6c34\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u4f86\u770b\u6025\u75c7\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6025\u75c7\u5ba4\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u6551\u6025\u6276\u5371\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5fb5\u72c0\u8f15\u5fae\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u5230\u666e\u901a\u79d1\u9580\u8a3a\u6216\u79c1\u5bb6\u91ab\u751f\u6c42\u91ab\u3002\u5e02\u6c11\u61c9\u6b63\u78ba\u4f7f\u7528\u6025\u75c7\u5ba4\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4ee4\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u8f2a\u5019\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u300c\u6216\u51fa\u73fe\u5047\u9670\u6027 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class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c91cc5576eb12365ae284c0ff2c1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27626\" src=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c91cc5576eb12365ae284c0ff2c1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"763\" height=\"247\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c91cc5576eb12365ae284c0ff2c1.jpg 763w, \/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c91cc5576eb12365ae284c0ff2c1-300x97.jpg 300w, \/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c91cc5576eb12365ae284c0ff2c1-150x49.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 763px) 100vw, 763px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uff08\u660e\u5831\u88fd\u5716\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5982\u75c5\u4eba\u4f86\u6025\u75c7\u5ba4\u6c42\u8a3a\uff0c\u6709\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75c5\u5fb5\u7684\u624d\u6703\u5b89\u6392\u505a\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u54b3\u55fd\u3001\u6d41\u9f3b\u6c34\u3001\u5589\u56a8\u75db\u3001\u808c\u8089\u75e0\u75db\u3001\u95dc\u7bc0\u75db\u3001\u982d\u75db\u7b49\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u58eb\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u55c5\u89ba\u3001\u5473\u89ba\u3001\u809a\u75db\u3001\u8179\u7009\u3002\u5e74\u8f15\u3001\u6c92\u9577\u671f\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5fb5\u72c0\u4e00\u822c\u8f03\u8f15\u5fae\uff1b\u9577\u8005\u3001\u60a3\u6709\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c23\u4fc3\u3001\u547c\u5438\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5371\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u53c8\u63d0\u9192\u5e02\u6c11\u5fc5\u9808\u6e96\u78ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u89f8\u53f2\uff0c\u8b93\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u4f5c\u6700\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u300c\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u6015\u8aaa\u51fa\u4f86\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u53bb\u6aa2\u75ab\u71df14\u65e5\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u5feb\u9ede\u505a\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u5c31\u8a1b\u7a31\u6709\u63a5\u89f8\u53f2\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u6aa2\u75ab\u71df\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7206\u767c\u5730\u5340\uff08\u5982\u6c99\u7530\u3001\u6148\u96f2\u5c71\uff09\u6216\u5927\u5ec8\u6709\u78ba\u8a3a\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u66fe\u5230\u904e\u7206\u767c\u7fa4\u7d44\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6216\u98ef\u5c40\uff0c\u4ea6\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u75c5\u5fb5\uff0c\u6eab\u5149\u5b89\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u505a\u75c5\u6bd2\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u300c\u6e2c\u8a66\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u5047\u9670\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u800c\u9b06\u61c8\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u89c0\u5bdf\u5fb5\u72c0\u3002\u6709\u5fb5\u72c0\u8acb\u53ca\u65e9\u6c42\u91ab\uff0c\u5fb5\u72c0\u8f15\u5fae\u8005\u53ef\u8003\u616e\u5411\u666e\u901a\u79d1\u9580\u8a3a\u6216\u79c1\u5bb6\u91ab\u751f\u6c42\u8a3a\uff0c\u56b4\u91cd\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u9072\u7591\uff0c\u99ac\u4e0a\u5230\u6025\u75c7\u5ba4\u3002\u300d\u5047\u5982\u5c0d\u75c5\u5fb5\u6709\u6240\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9f3b\u585e\u3001\u809a\u7009\u3001\u982d\u75db\u3001\u75b2\u5026\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8aee\u8a62\u91ab\u751f\u610f\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u64d4\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u62db\uff0c\u300c\u5514\u9a57\u5514\u5b89\u843d\u300d\uff0c\u600e\u8fa6\uff1f\u6eab\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0d\u6297\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u300c\u9577\u671f\u6297\u722d\u300d\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5fc3\u5883\u958b\u6717\u3001\u62b1\u6b63\u9762\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6230\u52dd\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u9a57\u8207\u4e0d\u9a57\uff08\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\uff0c\u53bb\u5b9a\u596a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f80\u5f8c\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u9a57\u4e86\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u53c8\u9b06\u61c8\uff0c\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u5f8c\u53c8\u51fa\u53bb\u805a\u9910\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u90fd\u6709\u554f\u984c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u7be9\u6aa2\u9ad8\u5371\u7fa4\u7d44 \u52dd\u904e\u5168\u6c11\u7be9\u6aa2<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27627\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27627\" style=\"width: 296px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c2fbe8e7df0e60016629dad584d7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27627\" src=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c2fbe8e7df0e60016629dad584d7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"296\" height=\"296\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c2fbe8e7df0e60016629dad584d7.jpg 296w, \/\/www.afterroberto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7c30c2fbe8e7df0e60016629dad584d7-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9ec3\u5b50\u60e0\uff08\u4e2d\u5927\u7db2\u7ad9\u5716\u7247\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5927\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u5b78\u9662\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u9ec3\u5b50\u60e0\u540c\u6a23\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6709\u75c5\u5fb5\u624d\u9700\u8981\u6aa2\u9a57\u3002\u300c\u9a57\u5230\u6c92\u6709\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4e4b\u5f8c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff1b\u96e3\u4fdd\u6709\u65e5\u53c8\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u75c5\u539f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u9a57\u5230\u6c92\u4e8b\u5c31\u5b89\u5fc3\u5566\uff01\u4eca\u65e5\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u660e\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\uff01\u300d\u5efa\u8b70\u5e02\u6c11\u6e1b\u5c11\u53bb\u4eba\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u53ca\u505a\u597d\u500b\u4eba\u885b\u751f\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u5efa\u8b70\u505a\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7be9\u6aa2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u76ee\u524d\u9999\u6e2f\u771f\u6b63\u5e36\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5168\u6c11\u7be9\u6aa2\u51fa\u73fe\u5047\u9670\u6027\uff0f\u5047\u967d\u6027\u6a5f\u7387\u5927\u3002\u5f9e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u967d\u6027\u9810\u6e2c\u503c\uff08positive predictive value\uff0c\u5373\u6aa2\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u5448\u967d\u6027\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u767e\u5206\u7387\uff09\u53d7\u67d3\u75c5\u4eba\u6578\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6e2c\u8a66\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u548c\u7279\u7570\u5ea6\u9ad8\u905499%\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u5c11\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u5047\u967d\u6027\u7387\u9ad8\u65bc\u771f\u967d\u6027\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u627e\u67d3\u75c5\u6a5f\u7387\u6108\u9ad8\u7684\u7fa4\u7d44\u4f86\u7be9\u6aa2\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6108\u591a\u771f\u6b63\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u7576\u67d0\u500b\u5c4b\u90a8\u3001\u7fa4\u7d44\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u5230\u904e\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u6216\u63a5\u89f8\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u7be9\u6aa2\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u771f\u967d\u6027\u7387\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u627e\u51fa\u75c5\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e02\u6c11\u61c9\u8003\u616e\u6e05\u695a\u6709\u7121\u9700\u8981\u505a\u6aa2\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u91ab\u8ce2\u5fc3\u4e8b\uff1a\u9ad4\u8ad2\u81ea\u5df1\u75ab\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u53cd\u61c9<\/h2>\n<p>\u75ab\u60c5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc3\u60f6\u60f6\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u770b\u7740\u78ba\u8a3a\u6578\u5b57\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5fc3\u88cf\u5404\u6709\u64d4\u5fc3\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u56e0\u611f\u67d3\u800c\u53d7\u82e6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6399\u9322\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u7126\u616e\u7d2f\u7a4d 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